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1、Chapter 1 Introduction of Pediatric Nursing,Nursing major of Xian Medical University -Liumanling,第一章 儿科护理学绪论,西安医学院护理系儿科护理教研室 -刘曼玲,Aim and requirement,1. To master the stages of children and the characteristics in each stage 2. To be familiar with the role and the requirment in quality of nurse； 3 To
2、 be familiar with the fearture of pediatric and the general principles in pediatric nursing,Aim and requirement,4 To know the development and to look forward the future of pediatric nursing 5 To know the task and range of pediatric nursing,教学目标与要求,掌握小儿年龄分期，以及各期的特点 熟悉儿科护士的作用与素质要求 3.熟悉儿科的特征以及儿科护理的原则 了
3、解儿科护理学的范围、任务； 了解儿科护理学的发展趋势。,儿科护理学的概念,儿科护理学：是一门研究小儿生长发育规律、儿科保健、疾病防治和护理，以促进儿童身心健康的护理科学。,pediatric nursing,Pediatric nursing focuses on the pattern of child growth and development ,child health promotion and disease prevention ,and direct care of illness children .,Aims of pediatric nursing,Pediatric n
4、ursing aims at protecting children from illness and injury,assisting them to attain optical levels of health,regardless of health problem,and rehabilitation.,Rages of pediatric nursing,The philosophy of pediatric nursing include family centered care, atraumatic care ,accountability and risk manageme
5、nt . No matter where pediatric nurses practice ,their primary concern is the welfare of the child and family .,儿科护理学的任务和范围,任务： 保护小儿免受疾病和伤害，帮助他们在疾病及康复过程中尽可能的达到最佳健康状态。 范围： 儿科护理的理念是包括以家庭为中心的护理、尽可能减少创伤，对小儿负责和危险管理。儿科护士可在不同的场所提供服务，包括医院、学校、社区等。为患儿基家庭提供护理。,characteristics of pediatric,A child is the object
6、of study of pediatric nursing , There are significant differences between children and adults in anatomy ,physiology , pathology , immunization and psychology .,characteristics of pediatric,The approaches regarding health promotion ,disease prevention ,treatment and nursing care of children are uniq
7、ue form that of adult .,儿科护理学的特点,儿科护理学的研究和服务对象是小儿。小儿从生命的开始直到成人，是处于不断生长发育的过程中，不仅在解剖、生理、病理及免疫和心理等方面与成人不同，而且在各个年龄期之间也有区别。因此，在护理上有其独到之处 。,characteristics of pediatric,儿童生理机能的特点 儿科临床特点：疾病特点、诊治特点、预后特点、预防特点、诊治特点。 儿童心理社会特点。,the general principle in pediatric nursing,the common principle in pediatric nursing
8、 Family centered care 实施身心整体护理； Avoid harm and provide beneficial care to the child,儿科护理学总的原则,儿科护理的一般原则 以儿童及其家庭为中心的原则； 实施身心整体护理； 遵守法律和伦理道德规范。,The stages of growth and development,Fetal period neonatal period infancy toddlers age preschool ageschool age adolesence .,小儿年龄分期及其各期特点,胎儿期 新生儿期 婴儿期 幼儿期 学龄前期
9、 学龄期 青春期,The stages of growth and development,1. Fetal period ：includes embryonic period (approximately 8weeks )and fetal period (8 to 40weeks ). 2 .Neonatal period ：is defined as the first 4weeks of life after birth . 3. Infancy ：from 28days to 12monthes.,小儿年龄分期,1. 胎儿期:从卵子和精子结合到小儿出生统称为胎儿期。 2.新生儿期：自
10、生后脐带结扎时起至生后28天内称新生儿期。 3.婴儿期 ：出生后到满一周岁称婴儿期。,The stages of growth and development,4 Toddlers age ：is decribed as the peiod from 12monthes to 36 monthes of age . 5 Preschool age： is named as the peiod from 3years to 6years old .,The stages of growth and development,6 school age：It begins with entry int
11、o a school system .7 adolesence ：girl from 11-12 to 17-18years ,boys from 13-14 to 18-20 .,小儿年龄分期,4. 幼儿期: 是指小儿从1岁至3岁以内的时期。 5.学龄前期：是指从小儿3岁至6岁以内的时期。 6.学龄期：是指小儿在小学阶段的时期，一般6-12岁之间。 7. 青春期：女孩从11-12到17-18岁，男孩晚两年。,fearture of pediatric period,Fetal period ：It is important for the health and well being of t
12、he infant to keep maternal health ,nutrition ,and emotional status . Neonatal period ：neonates should be kept warm ,proviede adquate nutrition .Infaction control is another challange for neonates . Infancy ： breast feeding and supplement of solid food promptly is essential.Immunization procedure is
13、required .,fearture of pediatric period,胎儿期：保证孕母的健康营养，工作环境。 新生儿期：加强保暖，合理喂养，清洁卫 生，消毒措施。 婴儿期： 母乳喂养，辅食添加，计划免疫。,fearture of pediatric period,Toddlers age ：development in mental and prevention of diseasePreschool age ：attain upright locomotion until they enter school.,fearture of pediatric period,school
14、age ：It begins with entry into a school system and is characterized by growing intellectual skill,physical ability ,and independent 。 adolesence ：the physical and mental health care ,suffcicent nutrtion and knowldge invovment.,fearture of pediatric period,幼儿期：智力开发和防病。 学龄前期：知识输入，培养良好习惯。学龄期：接受文化教育。 青春
15、期：生理卫生方面的保健，充足的营养，心理引导，知识输入。,pediatric period,胎儿期：保证孕母的健康营养，工作环境。 新生儿期：加强保暖，合理喂养，清洁卫 生，消毒隔离。 婴儿期： 母乳喂养，辅食添加，计划免疫 幼儿期：智力开发和防病。 学龄前期：知识输入，培养良好习惯。 学龄期：接受文化教育。 青春期：生理卫生方面的保健，充足的营 养，心理引导，知识输入。,Task of pediatric nurses,Pediatric nurses roles are involved in every aspect of a childs and familys growth and
16、development .No matter where pediatric nurse practice,their primary concernis the welfare of the child and family.,the role of pediatric nurse,Care giver Planner Educator CoordinatorConsultant AdvocateResearcher,the character requirements of pediatric nurse）,Quality requirement in mental and ethical areas Quality requirement in culture Quality requirement in profession Quality requirement in physics and psychology .,
