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1、中英思维方式对比文英081-2班 王雷宏 200890501119语言思维方式体现反作用思维方式：中VS英中国思维 形象思维 本体思维 顺向思维 重整体 偏综合性思维 重直觉 “悟性” 直线思维 重伦理英美思维 逻辑思维 客体思维 逆向思维 重个体 偏分析性思维 重实证 曲线思维 重认知 中国： Figurative thinking尚像偏重形象 起源：象形文字英美：Logical thinking尚思偏重抽象起源：腓尼基字母胸有成竹：To have a bamboo in ones chestTo have a well thought-out plan 水深火热的生活：Lead a lif
2、e in deep water and hot fireLead a life for extreme hardship小伙子年轻年轻漂亮，脑子 里却是一张白纸。 A nice enough young fellow, you understand, nothing upstairs. 我军势如破竹，打得敌军落 花流水。 Our army won a smooth and overwhelming victory. 三个人品字式坐下，随便谈 了几句。 The three men sat down facing each other and began casually chatting. 聪明
3、人防患于未然，愚蠢者 临渴掘井。 Wisdom prepares the worst, but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes.形象思维：具体形象的 词抽象 事物借 物言志抽象思维：抽象名词 具体事物 指称意 义实 明 直 显 象虚 暗 泛 隐 曲秋思马致远枯藤老树昏鸦 小桥流水人家 古道西风瘦马 Oer old tree wreathed with rotten fly evening crows; Neath tiny bridge beside a clear stream flows; On ancient road in wes
4、tern breeze a lean horse goes; - 许渊冲 译商山早行-温庭筠 鸡声茅店月 人迹板桥霜 The cock crows as the moon set oer thatched inn; Footprints are left on wood bridge paved with frost. 许渊冲 译 中国：本体型思维 以人为中心来观察、分析、推 理和研究事物的思维方式 英美：客体型思维 把客观自然界作为观察、分析 、推理和研究的中心 本体VS客体思维She has been a widow only six months. 译1：她只当了6个月的寡妇。 译2：她
5、的丈夫死了至今不过半 年。 The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps. 我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步 声也没有。本体VS客体思维 我想到了：这是只熟鸟，也许自幼 养在笼中。 It occurs to me that it must be a tame bird. 他赢钱赢得那么多，无怪乎眼红的 人，赌输的人，有时说起这件事情 便发牢骚。 His successes were so repeated that no wonder the envious and the vanquished spoke sometimes with bit
6、terness regarding them.顺向思维VS逆向思维中国： 面向着过去来区 分时间先后 “前”过去的时 间 “后”-未来的时间 英美： 面向着未来过去 ：uBack, after, pastu将来：uForward, before, futureThe mother is not there, she took off a few years back.-The Loons登幽州台歌 前不见古人， 后不见来者， 念天地之悠悠， 独怆然而泪下On climbing the Tower at YouzhouWhere the sages of the past,And those o
7、f future years,Sky and earth forever last,Lonely, I shed sad tears.顺向VS逆向思维p您先请 p九五折 p自学 p东北 西南 p钢铁工业 p水火不容 p不管晴雨After you! A five percent discountSelf-taughtNortheast southwestIron and steel industryAs incompatible as fire and waterRain or shine中国： 重整体 偏重综合性 （从多到一） 对称与和谐 语法的隐含性 句法的意合性 词义的笼统与模糊 性 英美
8、： 重个体 偏重分析性思维 （由一到多） 语法的外显性 句法的形合性 词义的具体性重整体VS重个体 起源造字法中国：形声造字法 英美：”原子主义“=原子核+核外电子 ”木”旁：松 柏 桃 李 树 林 Pine，cypress， peach ， plum ， tree ，forest “水“旁：江 河 湖 泊 海 洋 深 浅river ，lake ，sea ，ocean， deep ， shallow综合性VS分析性 春花含苞待放,绿叶缓缓舒展,溪水潺 潺流淌,欢乐的春天涌动着无限的追 求和希望,这一切难以用语言倾诉表 达。 Spring has so much more than speech
9、 in its unfolding flowers and leaves , and the coursing of its streams , and in its sweet restless seeking ! (John Galesworthy The Apple Tree)对称与和谐 生存在功利社会，奔波劳顿，勾心斗 角，若想做到从心所欲，难哉兮！ In a business society, where people run about in pursuit of personal gains at the expense of others, it is really diffi
10、cult to do as you please.对称与和谐 善欲人见，不是真善；恶恐人知 ，便是大恶。 A good deed is no good deed if it is done for show. An evil is all the worse if it is covered up 时(tense) 体 (aspect) 语态(voice) 语气(mood) 我完全被吸引住了，死死地盯着 看，一个同伴问我是不是认识这 肖像。我就在想，除了几个我认 识的人外，我肯定是唯一知道的 人了。 I was totally arrested, and as I stood gazing o
11、n it, my companion asked me if I knew the who it was. I was thinking that, beyond a few whom could name, I must be almost the only person who could know.语法的隐形VS显性意合VS形合 意合靠句子内部的逻辑关系 形合-靠语言本身 And I take heart from the fact that the enemies, who boast that they can occupy the strategic point in a coup
12、le of hours, have not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way. 由于受到顽强抵抗，吹嘘能在几小时就能 占领战略要地的敌人甚至还没能占领外围 地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。词义的朦胧VS具体 汉语词义较笼统，英语语义较具体 “车来了” Here comes the ” 车bus, minibus, lorry, taxi, bike, motorcycle “借我一支笔” 笔pen, ball pen, penc
13、il, a piece of chalk, color pen直觉VS实证 中国： 重直觉，”悟性“，”天人合一“ 英美： 重实证，理性知识，”天人相分 1）热得我满身大汗。 The heat made me sweat. I was sweating all over. 2）不坚持，就会失败。 One will fail unless one preserves.直线思维VS曲线思维 It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want
14、of a wife. ( J. Austen, Pride and prejudice) 凡是有钱的单身汉,总想娶个太太,这 是一条举世公认的真理。直线思维VS曲线思维 Soccer is a very difficult sport .(1) A p layer must be able to run steadily without rest. (2) Sometimes a player must hit the ball with his or her head. (3) Players must be willing to bang into and be banged into by others. (4)They must put up with aching feet and sore muscles.重伦理VS认知 中国： 重伦理，集体主义，”大小“， 顺其自然，听天由命 英美： 重认知，个人主义，”小大“探求自然 In June 1990, he graduated from the English Department, Peking University. 他于1990年6月毕业于北京大学英语系。申奥演讲看中英思维差异 集体主义和个人主义 对比两篇演讲中的人称代词出现的频率：政府，我 国，我们我李岚清143布莱尔913Thank you !
