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1、FUNTIONS IN SENTENCESFor Senior 句子成分包括： 主语 谓语 表语 宾语1、及物动词宾语和介词宾语；2、直接宾语和间接宾语 补足语 定语 状语原因、时间、地点、方式、条件 、 结果、目的、比较、让步、程度主语 名词、代词、动词-ing、动词不定式、 wh+动词不定式、从句 都可以作主语。 1. Our master is very kind. 2. He is a good boy. 3. Teaching them English is her job. 4. To work with them is very interesting 5. It is nece
2、ssary for him to attend the meeting tomorrow. 6. It is necessary that he will attend the meeting tomorrow. (注意对比) It was in the book-shop that I met one of my old classmates last Sunday. 7. What to do next is unknown. 8. What we will do next is unknown.谓语 谓语 包括时态和语态。 I. 时态 现在时 一般现在时现在进行时 现在完成时现在完成进
3、行时 1) He doesnt work in this factory. 2) Is Tom watching TV in the sitting-room now? 3) They have learned three English songs already. 4) We have been learning English for almost two years since Mr. Brown taught us.过去时 一般过去时 过去进行时过去完成时 过去将来时 1) I didnt go there for some food yesterday. 2) They were
4、doing their homework when I entered their classroom. 3) Before he arrived at the cinema, the film had been on for four minutes. 4) He said he would come here to help us.将来时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 1) Will they visit the museum next Sunday? 2) I will be waiting for you at the school gate at 5 oclock tomorr
5、ow evening. 3) She will have finished the report by the end of next month.II. 语态 基本结构be + 动词的过去分词 现在时 一般现在时现在进行时 现在完成时 1) Our bedroom is often kept clean every day. 2) Is our car being repairing in the garage now? 3) The building over there has been built. It is for women and children.过去时 一般过去时 过去进行
6、时过去完成时 过去将来时 1) Was this dictionary bought last Tuesday? 2) The performance was being given in the street when I was passing by. 3) The operation had been carried out on Tom before his parents got to the hospital. 4) The manager said that the goods would be sent to the chain-shops as soon as possibl
7、e.将来时 一般将来时 将来完成时 1) A new chemical works will be built among the hills far away from our town. 2) The meeting will have been ended by 6 oclock this afternoon.宾语 名词、代词、动词-ing、动词不定式、 wh+动词不定式、从句 都可以作宾语。 宾语包括及物动词宾语和介词宾语。 1) I dont know the man over there. 2) He wants to be an engineer. 3) Alice thinks
8、 it interesting to swim with her sister. 4) Did you enjoy playing games with them at the last party? 5) Do you know where to hold the sports meet? 6) I dont know where the sports meet will be held. 7) We are interested in English and maths. 8) We must prevent the rivers from being polluted.直接宾语和间接宾语
9、 1. He passed me a bottle of salt. 2. He promised his teacher to help us. (对比) He asked his teacher to help him. 3. She asked me a question just now. (对比) Mark made London the base for the revolution.表语 名词、形容词、表示方向地点的副词、 动词-ing、动词的过去分词、动词不定式 、WH+动词不定式、介词短语、从句 都 可以作表语。 1) He isnt a teacher. 2) John i
10、s quite tall. 3) Are they in ? 4) His full-time job is selling newspapers. (对比) He is selling newspapers now. 5) The cup is broken. (对比) The cup was broken by the cat last night. 6) He was to leave when the phone rang. 7) The question is when and where to go for picnic. 8) The question is when and w
11、here we will go for a picnic. 9) The children are in the reading-room now.补足语 补足语 可分为主语补足语和宾语补足语 名词、形容词、表示方向地点的副词、动 词-ing、动词的过去分词、动词不定式、 介词短语等都可以作补足语 1) We all made Jack monitor at the last class meeting. Jack was made monitor at the last class meeting. 2) Did you find our room very dirty? Was our r
12、oom found very dirty? 3) Let him in, please. 4) Someone found him swimming in the river when it was getting dark. He was found swimming in the river when it was getting dark. 5) I heard him sing three pop songs in the next room last night. He was heard to sing three pop songs in the next room last n
13、ight. 6) I asked him to give her his uncles phone number. He was asked to give her his uncles phone number. 7) He found his house broken into when he got home. His house was found broken into when he got home. 8) Did you see him under the tree alone? Was he seen under the tree alone?定语 定语可分为：前置定语和后置
14、定语。 形容词、物主代词的所有格、(单个)动词 ing形式、(单个)过去分词常作前置定语 。 1) The tall boy is Toms elder brother. 2) The dancing hall is being repaired now. 3) The broken cup isnt mine. 4) The sleeping girl is my younger sister. else 常作后置定语。 形容词修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything 等词常作后置定语。 形容词短语、介词短语、动词不定式、 动词ing短语、动词过
15、去分词短语、定语 从语等都常作后置定语。else 常作后置定语 1) Mum, is there anything else for me to do? 2) What else did you say at the last meeting? 3) Who else went there with you last night? 4) Where else have you been besides Shanghai?形容词修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything 等词常作后置定语 1) A: Anything else to buy besid
16、es meat? B: Nothing else. Thank you, Jack. 2) A: Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper? B: Yes. Look! And here is something important.形容词短语、介词短语、动词不定式、动词ing短语、动 词过去分词短语、定语从语等都常作后置定语 1) The boy full of bravery rushed into the burning house and carried an old lady out. 2) Do you know the man with a
