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1、英语语法英语语法词性详解二词性详解二动词动词二、动词的分类(1)(3)(2)一、动词的定义三、动词的时态四、非谓语动词五、被动语态1.一般现在时 2.一般过去时 3.一般将来时 4.现在进行时5.过去进行时 6.现在完成时 7.过去完成时 8.过去将来时六、动词的基本形式类别特点意义举例实义动词 (vt. vi.)及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起才能表达完整 的意思I have a book不及物动词不能直 接接宾语能独立作谓语She always comes late.系动词 (link-v)跟表语不能独立做谓语，跟表语构 成完整意思I am a student.助动词 (aux. v.)跟动词原
2、形或分词 （无词汇意义）不能独立做谓语，跟主要动 词构成谓语，表示疑问，否 定及各种时态He doesnt speak Chinese. I am watching TV.情态动词 (mod. v.) 跟动词原形（有自 己的词汇意思）不能独立做谓语。表示说话 人语气、情态，无人称和数 的变化We can do it by ourselves. That would be better.一、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类返回二、短语动词构成方式举例动词+介词Look at, look after动词+副词Give up, put into动词+副词+介词Catch up with, loo
3、k down upon动词+名词+介词Take care of, pay attention to Be+形容词+介词Be proud of, be afraid of 复杂结构Make up ones mind：由一些动词和其它词构成短语， 表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式 如下返回三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词形 式意 义举 例人称与主语在人称一致I am reading now. 第一人称数与主语在数上一致He writes well. 第三人称单数时态表示动作发生的时间He wrote a letter to me last month. 过去时态语态主语是动作的发生者或者
4、承受 者We study English.主动 The road was filled with rubbish. 被 动语气说话人表达事实、要求、愿望 等He has flown to America. 事实 I wish I could fly to the moon some day. 愿望1、谓语动词(如下)2、非谓语动词返回2、非谓语动词形式意义用途举例不定式起形容词和 名词作用可作主语、表语、宾 语、定语、状语It takes me 20 minutes to go to school动名词起名词作用作主语和宾语She likes reading.分 词现在分词起形容词、 副词作用
5、， 表主动作表语、定语、状语 、宾语补足语The cup is broken过去分词起形容词、 副词作用， 表被动The steam is seen rising from the wet clothes.1.一般现在时（1）表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态（2）表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力（3）表示客观事实或普遍用法（4）用于状语从句代替一般将来时eg.We often write to each other. 我们时常相互通信。 常与always，usually，often，sometimes，every day，once a week，yearly 每年，monthly每月， 等时间状
6、语或频率副词连用。 eg.He works hard.他努力工作eg.The sun rises in the east. Light goes faster than soundeg.You will succeed if you try .I will tell him about it as soon as I see him next Monday.常与连词：when , as soon as , before , after , until , if 如果，等引导的 时间状语或条件状语从句 练习返回2.一般过去时(1).表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态.e.g. He arr
7、ived in Hangzhou an hour ago. Where were you just now?(2).表示过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态.e.g. Their children often went hungry in the old days.During his middle school years, he played football nearly every day.(3).表示主语过去的特征或性格等.e.g. At that time she spoke very good English. (4).一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用.如:yesterday
8、, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, in 1996, at that time 等,也常和when, if等 引导的状语从句连用.e.g. Did you play volleyball yesterday afternoon?My father, when he was a child, worked 15 hours for the landlord a day.(5).一般过去时可与today, this week, this month等时间状语连用.e.g. I saw him today.He came late three ti
9、mes this week. 练习返回一般过去时的练习1. I saw him this morning.（改为否定句、疑问句并做回答 ）2. He came late three times this week.（同上）3. Jim came late three times this week.(分别对a,b,c,d提问)a b c d 4. AI_(be) 12 last year.B_(be)the doctor in the hospital last night?No, he_(be not).C. What _he_(do) yesterday?He_(draw)some pic
10、tures in the park. 5.A. _ _a sweater on the desk just now. B. There are some children in the aquarium now. (用 yesterday替换 now)_ _some children in the aquarium yesterday. C. There were some buildings here in the past. (改为一般疑问句)_ _ _ buildings here in the past? 返回3.一般将来时a.will / shall +动词原形(备：在口语中，sha
11、ll和will常缩写成“ll“， 紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not和will not的简略式分别为shant和 wont)(1)构成b. be going to + 动词原形 c. be + 动词-ing形式（动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词， 如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get等） d.be + 动词不定式 （例：You are to be back before 10:00 p.m 你必须在上午10点前回来。表示按计划或正式安排将发生的事 ） (2)用法 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 表示将要反复发生的动作
12、 (3)常用结构 用于“祈使句 + and + 陈术句“中。Eg.Work hard and you will succeed.与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。If you ask him, he will help you. 用于“I expect, Im sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句“中。 I dont think the test will be very difficult.返回练习4.现在进行时(1)意义：a.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。 常与now, the moment等连用。(2)构成：主语+be+现在分词(v.+ing)练习返回例:Liste
13、n! Mary is singing an English song in the classroom. b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作。 例:They are planting trees on the hill these days.c.表示一种重复的动作，带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩。 例:My brother is always leaving things about. 注:现在进行时往往与always连用，给现在的动作披上一层 感情色彩。现在进行时的练习1. What are you _(do) now? I _(eat) bread.2. Its nine oclock.
14、 My father_(work) in the office. 3. Look, the boy_(put) the rubbish into the bin.4. _he_(clean) the classroom? No, he isnt. He_(play).5.Where is Mak? He_(run) on the grass. 6. Listen, who_(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary_(sing) there.7.The birds are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问).8.The children are
15、 playing games near the house.(就划线部分提问)9.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句) 返回5.过去进行时(1)意义：（2）构成：主语+was/were+现在分词1表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如： What were you doing when I phoned you last night? 2表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。如：They were building a dam last winter. 去年冬天他们在建一个大坝。 3用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词 ，以表示过去将要发生的动作。如：They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai. 返回练习6.现在完成时（1）意义：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影 响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。（2）结构：助动词have/has
