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1、虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood GRAMMER 语法2018/8/164陈述语气 I went to the theatre yesterday. Jack hadnt come back home yet.4祈使语气 Lets go. Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.一. 语气的分类4虚拟语气 If I were you,I would not leave her alone.His teacher suggested that he go to the library this afternoon.条件
2、句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句 和虚拟条件句 两种。a. 真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。b. 虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。 2018/8/16二. if 虚拟条件句的概念由 if 引导的虚拟条件句叫作 if虚拟条件句 I could have had dinner with him if he had been here yesterday.其他虚拟条件句 Without your help, I couldnt have made so much progress. 1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(1) 表示与现在事实相反的假
3、设, 条件 状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be 动词的过去式用were)”, 而主句中的谓语动词“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。 虚拟语气If I were a boy, I would join the army.If I had a lot of money I would buy a villa.If it were fine now,I would go shopping.a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice.b. If the world war _ (burst) out
4、again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?werewerewould takewould takeburstburstwould happenwould happenPRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.were notwere notcould becould
5、bewerewerewould askwould ask2. 与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had过去分词, 构成If I (we, you, he, they)had过去分词的形式； 主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would ( 第二、三人称) /could/might have 动词过去分词。If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had If I _ how to swim then,I _ trapped in that island.had learnt
6、would not have been a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughtPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanksc. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.had metwo
7、uld have gone3. 与将来事实相反从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) 动词过去式或 were to do 或should do 形式, 主句谓语用should(第一人称) /would (第二、三人称) /could/ might 动词原形。If he got up early tomorrow, he would get there on time.假如他来, 我们会对他说什么呢？If he were to come, what should we say to him?假如他看见我, 就会认识我。If he should see me, he woul
8、d know me.a. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power .b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?should beshould beshould makeshould makewould happenwould happen should get upshould get upPRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanksc. If Robots _ (control) the wo
9、rld some day, there _ (be) no friendship.were to controlwere to controlwould bewould be条件If 从句谓语谓语 形式 主句谓语谓语 形式过过去现现在未来过去时(were)would/could/should/might +V. (原)一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。过去完成时would/could/should/might + have+ p.p.1.过去时2.should+V.3. were to dowould/could/ should/ might +V. (原)主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间
10、, 这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这叫做混合条件句。例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实相反If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If the staff _what to do before, the building _ on fire now.would not bewould not behad been toldhad been told三. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1. 在动词wish后的宾语从句中, 表示与现在或过去的事实相反, 或对将来的主观愿望, 从句通常省略连
11、词that。I wish every dayI wish every day werewere my birthday.my birthday.1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟: 从句动词用过去式或过去进行式 (be动词一般用were) 。He behaves as if he owned the house.(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.)I wish it would rain tomorrow.与将来事实 相反I wish/wished I ha
12、dnt eaten so much watermelon.(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。as if/as though由as if (as though) 或even though (even though) 引导的状语从句表示比较或方 式时, 从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be 用were)或 “had过去分词”或 would/could+动词原形他那样对待我, 好像我是陌生人似的。He treats me as if I were a stranger.注意: 如果表示的事情可能会发生, 那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈 述语气。It looks as if
13、 it is going to rain.He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself.(3)(3)Id rather you _(pay) me Id rather you _(pay) me now. (now. (与现在事实相反与现在事实相反) )I would rather they I would rather they _(come) tomorrow. (_(come) tomorrow. (与将来与将来 事实相反事实相反) )Id rather she _ Id rather she _ (not do) tha
14、t. (not do) that. (与过去事实相反与过去事实相反) )paidpaidcamecamehadnt donehadnt doneTranslate: 我要是你的话我要是你的话, , 我就会把英语学好。我就会把英语学好。2. 2. 如果你昨天来如果你昨天来, , 你就会看见他。你就会看见他。3. 3. 万一明天下雨万一明天下雨, , 我们就不到那儿去。我们就不到那儿去。4. 4. 我希望我十年前认识他。我希望我十年前认识他。5. 5. 他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。If I were you, I would/ should learn En
15、glish well.If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.If it were to rain tomorrow,we wouldnt go there.I wish I had known him ten years ago.He treats me as if I were his own son.四、It is (high) time 等从句中表示“该做而没有作的事情”，动词用一般 过去时。 如：Its high time we began to work.should beginI would rather you came tomorrow.五、表示“建议、要求、命 令”意义的各种从句中advise suggest propose advise suggest propose insist request recommend insist request r
