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1、 Capital Community CollegeAt its best, English spelling can be perplexing, especially for non-native speakers and writers. The following rules and suggestions are offered as aids. You will always be able to find exceptions to these rules, but most writers find them helpful. Capital Community College
2、i before e, except after c . . . .achieve, believe, bier, brief, hygiene, grief, thief, friend, grieve, chief, fiend, patience, pierce, priest ceiling, conceive, deceive, perceive, receipt,receive, deceit, conceit . . . and in words that rhyme with hay. . . neighbor, freight, beige, sleigh, weight,
3、vein, and weigh . . . and some other exceptions. . . .either, neither, feint, foreign, forfeit, height, leisure, weird, seize Capital Community CollegeA final y changes to i when an ending is added .supply becomes supplies worry becomes worried merry becomes merrier. . . except when that ending is -
4、ing. . . crying, studying . . . And when the y is preceded by a vowel. . . .obeyed, saying Capital Community CollegeA silent e is dropped when adding an ending that begins with a vowel . . . advance + -ing = advancing surprise + -ing = surprising. . . but kept when the ending begins with a consonant
5、 . . .advancement, likeness . . . unless the e is preceded by a vowel. . . .argue + -ment = argument true + -ly = truly Capital Community CollegeAdding a prefix seldom changes the spelling of a word. misspelled unnecessary dissatisfied disinterested misinform Capital Community CollegeWe form plurals
6、 in English by adding -s or -es. shoes porches boxes bushes blitzesFor words ending in a consonant plus -y, change the -y to -i and add -es. For proper nouns, keep the -y. toys companies Kennedys Capital Community CollegeWhen adding an ending to a word that ends in a consonant, we double that conson
7、ant when the ending begins with a vowel and the last syllable of the word is accented and that syllable ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant.Now thats a mouthful! Lets look at some examples. . . . Capital Community CollegeADMIT + -ed = ADMITTEDWhen adding an ending to a word that en
8、ds in a consonant, we double that consonant when the ending begins with a vowel and the last syllable of the word is accented and that syllable ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant.ADMIT is accented on the last syllable and the final consonant is preceded by a vowel, so we double th
9、e t before adding, for instance, an -ing or -ed : admitting, admitted. Capital Community CollegeFLAP + -ed = FLAPPEDWhen adding an ending to a word that ends in a consonant, we double that consonant when the ending begins with a vowel and the last syllable of the word is accented and that syllable e
10、nds in a single vowel followed by a single consonant.FLAP contains only one syllable, which means that syllable has to be accented. The final consonant is preceded by a vowel, so we double that final consonant: flapped, flapping. Capital Community CollegeCOUNSEL + -ing = COUNSELINGWhen adding an end
11、ing to a word that ends in a consonant, we double that consonant when the ending begins with a vowel and the last syllable of the word is accented and that syllable ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant.COUNSEL contains two syllables and the final consonant is preceded by a vowel, bu
12、t the word is accented on the first syllable, so we dont double the consonant before adding an ending. Capital Community CollegeBEGIN + -ing = BEGINNINGWhen adding an ending to a word that ends in a consonant, we double that consonant when the ending begins with a vowel and the last syllable of the
13、word is accented and that syllable ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant.BEGIN contains two syllables and the final consonant is preceded by a vowel, and the word is accented on the last syllable, so we double the consonant before adding an ending: beginner, beginning Capital Communi
14、ty CollegeDESPAIR + -ed = DESPAIREDWhen adding an ending to a word that ends in a consonant, we double that consonant when the ending begins with a vowel and the last syllable of the word is accented and that syllable ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant.DESPAIR contains two syllabl
15、es, and the final syllable is accented, but the final consonant is preceded by two vowels, not a single vowel, so we dont double that final consonant when we add an ending. Capital Community CollegeBecoming a better speller is a matter of personal commitment and finding your own method to add this i
16、mportant skill to your writing arsenal. Refer to the Guide to Grammar and Writing for recommendations on working on spelling. Also, take the spelling quizzes on the List of Interactive Quizzes. Capital Community CollegeThis PowerPoint presentation was created by Charles Darling, PhDProfessor of English and WebmasterCapital Community CollegeHartford, Connecticutcopyright November 1999
