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1、英国文学史 A Brief Survey of British Literature华北科技学院 英语专业教研室 李云瑾 What is Literature? “written compositions that tell stories, dramatize situations, express emotions, and analyze and advocate ideas.” If winter comes, can spring be far behind 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？（P241） All the worlds a stage, And all the men and
2、women merely players: They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages. At first the infant, Mewling(低泣；咪咪叫 )and puking(呕吐 )in the nurses arms. And then the whining(抱怨） school- boy, with his satchel （小书包） And shining morning face, creepin
3、g like snail Unwillingly to school. And then the lover, Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad Made to his mistress eyebrow. Then a soldier, Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard, Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel, Seeking the bubble reputation Even in the cannons mouth. A
4、nd then the justice, In fair round belly with good capon lined, With eyes severe and beard of formal cut, Full of wise saws and modern instances; And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slipperd pantaloon, With spectacles on nose and pouch on side, His youthful hose, well sa
5、ved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice, Turning again toward childish treble, pipes And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all, That ends this strange eventful history, Is second childishness and mere oblivion, Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything Let lif
6、e be beautiful like summer flowers and death like autumn leaves. IT is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.Literary Genre Novel， Novella，short story (Fiction) Drama, ( play) Dramalist (playwright) Poetry, Poet Essay ( Essayist
7、) prose-verse What to learn in this course?1historical and cultural background/literary movement2. life story of the masters3. masterpieces introduction and features4. some important literary terms. 70%: final exam 30% attendance assignmentsperformance/participationPart 1 Early and Medieval English
8、Literature Early :Early” here means English literature in primitive and slavery society. Medieval “Medieval period” is a quite special period in English history. In Chinese “Medieval” or “The Middle Age” means “中世纪 ”. You may hear something about this period. It is named “The Middle Age” because it
9、was considered as the time between ancient world and the modern world. Here “Medieval” means English literature in feudal England before the Renaissance.Chapter 1 The Making of England Making: 形成组成 Stonehenge(巨石阵）（史前巨石阵） About 5,000 years ago The most famous prehistoric monument and tourist attracti
10、on Briton（不列吞人）：a tribe of Celts 大约从公元前500年开始，凯尔特人（Celts） 从欧洲大陆进犯并占领了不列颠诸岛。 凯尔特 人最初居住在今天德国南部地区，是欧洲最早 学会制造和使用铁器和金制装饰品的民族；在 征服不列颠之前，他们曾征服了今天的法国、 西班牙、葡萄牙、意大利等地区；来到不列颠 后，一部分凯尔特人在今天的爱尔兰和苏格兰 定居下来，其余的一部分占领了今天的英格兰 的南部和东部。 Natives of Britain tall and golden-haired Celts from Central Europe farmers warlike pe
11、opleRoman Britain (55 B.C.- 410A.D.)Roman Invasion（Conquest ）InvasionTimeInvaders155 and 54 B.CRoman Emperor Julius Caesar243 A.D. Roman Emperor Claudius 皇帝（Empror）和国王（King）两个词， 在欧洲历史上有着截然不同的定义。“国 王”从一开始就指世袭专制君主，而“皇帝” 在拉丁文中最早是“将军”“军事统帅”的意 思。因此，罗马帝国的君主可以自称“皇 帝”，但绝不能自称“国王”因为从理论 上，罗马皇帝的权威来自人民和元老院， 是元老院
12、授权的首席元老、执政官、军事 统帅、护民官和大祭司，并不是“世袭专 制君主”。 England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.Roman Civilization Extraordinary achievement in building roads “All Roads Lead to Rome” Hadrians Wall(哈德良长城） Englands great wall 2000 years ago 410 A.D. all the Roman troops went back to
13、the continent and never returned. Question: Which period of time in British history should be named Roman period.The English history has been a history of invasion. In 449 A.D., after the fall of the Roman Empire and the withdrawal of Roman troops, the aboriginal (native 使改变信仰 King Ethelbert of Kent
14、, and within a century (in 7th century) all England was Christianized. Primitive inhabitants Celts-Roman-Anglo-Saxon3). Beowulf It can be justly termed Englands national epic and its hero Beowulf-one of the national heroes of the English people.epic An extended narrative poem in elevated or dignifie
15、d language, celebrating the feats of a legendary or traditional hero. 史诗：用严肃或庄重的语言写成的叙事长 诗，歌颂传奇中或历史上英雄的丰功伟绩 Author: an unknown scribe Time: 10th Century Content: the events which took place on the Continent at the beginning of the 6th Century Parts: 3128 lines, 2 partsBeowulf The story of Beowulf Structured by battles Tell me what are the three battles ( P3 ) First battle Beowulf-Grendel Second battle Beowulf-Grendels mother Third Battle Beowulf-fire dragon Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes. Features of Beowulf Alliteration m
