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1、 什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的 ，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位 句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有 ？ ！ I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !主语（Subject） 谓语（Predicate） 表语（Predicative） 宾语（Object） 定语（Attribute） 状语 (Adverbial) 补语（Complement） 同位语（Appositive） 插入语（Parenthesis） 句子包括哪些成分？ 主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心 主题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定式 ，
2、动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句 首 The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.To see is to believe.They are good friends. 2.谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具 有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一 般放在主语之后。1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语 构成。如： He practices reading every morning.The plane took off at ten oclock.2 2、复合谓语：、复合谓语：1)1)由由“ “情态动词情态动词/ /助动词助动词+ +动词原形动词原形” ”构构 成。如：
3、成。如： He He can speakcan speak English very well. English very well. The work The work must be donemust be done before 3 before 3 oclock.oclock. 2) “2) “系动词系动词+ +表语表语” ”构成。构成。 The film The film is interestingis interesting. . He He seems unhappy.seems unhappy. 3.表语：表语说明主语的性质、特征 、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（ 如be,
4、become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语位于系动 词后面The weather has turned cold.They seem to know the truth.Seeing is believing. The truth is that he has never been abroad.其 它 系动词状态：seem, appear, prove - 感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look - 变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow - 持续：remain, stay, keep,
5、 continue - 4.宾语：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般 位于及物动词和介词后面。She plays the piano.（直接宾语）I like watching TV. （直接宾语）She likes to go to shop this afternoon. （直接宾语）I think that he is good guy. 直接宾语表示动作的承受者或者结果。They offered me the job.(间接宾语)(直接宾语)They offered the job to me. Please show me you passport.(间接宾语)(直接宾语) I have
6、bought you some chocolate. (间接宾语)(直接宾语) I have bought some chocolate. for you. (宾语)宾语补足语 用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于 宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构 成复合宾语。Leave the door open.Make yourself at home.The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name called.定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语 或从句称为定语The black bike is mine.A sleeping boy.They
7、 made paper flowers.The boy in the room is Jack.She is the girl who sings best in my class.状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明 动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。 He did it carefully.Without his help, we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is wr
8、iting with a pen.状语种类如下： 1. How about meeting again at six? 2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. 3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）6. She came in wit
9、h a dictionary in her hand. 7.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 9.She works very hard though she is old. 10.I am taller than he is. 11.He often comes late to school.（伴随状语 ） （目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）（频率状语）同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词或
10、代 词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词 、代词或从句担任，如： This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附 加的解释，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等，如： To be frank, I dont quite agree with you.一、挑出下列句中的宾语宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did
11、you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.(二) 挑出下列句中的表语语The old man was feeling very tired.The leaves have turned yellow.Soon They all became interested in the subject.(三) 挑出下列句中的定语语1. What is your giv
12、en name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补宾语补 足语语She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found i
13、t difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.(五) 挑出下列句中的状语语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. With the medicine box under
14、her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.一.说出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分并翻译 整个句子： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall
15、 answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.练习一.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question
16、after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning.S.Attribute O.PredicateAdverbial AttributeAdverbialAdverbial 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish i
