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1、Astronomy：the science of the starsUnit 4第二课时 Learning about Language名词性从句：主语从句Unit 4课堂要点探究 2课堂达标验收3课前新知预习1课 时 作 业4课前新知预习v说出that/what/whether所引导的从句在主句 中充当的成分，及引导词 的功能。v What it was to become was uncertain until between 4. 5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. (what引导_从
2、句，并在从句中充当 _)vThe earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. (whether引导_从句，在从句中 不充当成分)vWhat is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. (what引导_ 从句，并在从句中充当_)vWhat many scientists believe is that the continued p
3、resence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (what引导 _从句，并在从句中充当_)vIt was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. (that引导_从句，在从句中不 充当成分)vSo whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years t
4、o come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. (第一个 whether引导_从句；第二个whether 引导_从句)v答案：主语；表语 主语 主语；主 语 主语；宾语 主语 主语；宾语课堂要点探究v一、基础点拨v(一)定义v在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句，即为主 语从句。v(二)引导主语从句的词及其在句中的功能v1连接词that和whether/ifvthat引导主语从句，that在从句中不充当任何 成分，仅起连接作用，但不能省略。 whether/if引导主语从句，在主从句中不充当 任何成分，起连接作用，但有自己的意义，
5、也不可省略。vThat she could come to help us made us very happy.v她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。vThat the big earthquake had killed many people frightened people all over the world.v大地震使很多人丧生令世界震惊。vWhether she will come or not is still a question.v她是否会来仍是个谜。vIt is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out.v这个计划
6、是否会实施还不知道。v归纳拓展v(1)whether引导的主语从句置于句首时，不 可用if来替换。v(2)if引导主语从句时，要用it作形式主语，将 if引导的主语从句后置，此时whether与if可互 换。v2连接代词who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等。v连接代词引导从句，并在从句中作主语、宾 语、表语或定语。vWhat surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.(what引导主 语从
7、句，并在从句中充当主语)v最令我吃惊的是那个小女孩拉小提琴拉得那 么好。vWho will go to the concert is not known.(who引导主语从句，并在从句中作主 语)v不知道谁会去听音乐会。vWhich book they will choose is still unknown.(which引导主语从句，并在从句中 作定语)v不知道他们会选哪本书。vWhoever breaks the traffic rules should be punished.(whoever引导主语从句，并在 从句中作主语)v不论谁违 反了交通规则 都要受到惩罚 。v3连接副词when
8、，where，how，why， whenever，wherever，however等。v连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。vWhen we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.(when引导主语从句，并在从句 中作时间状语)v我们还没决定何时举行运动会。vHow they will reach the top of the high mountain is still under discussion.(how引导 主语从句，并在从句中作方式状语)v他们仍在讨论 如何到达那座高山的山顶。vWhy we havent met each o
9、ther for a long time is that she has gone to work abroad.(why引导主语从句，并在从句中作原 因状语)v我们有很长时间没有见面的原因是她已去国 外工作。v二、难点突破v(一)主语从句与形式主语itv1It is名词词组 主语从句vIts a pity that you missed the film.v你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。v2It is形容词主语从句。vIt is obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.v很明显咖
10、啡店的经理在等李方离开。v名师点拨v在Itbeadj.从句这一结构中，若形容词 为important/necessary/strange/essential等 时，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do” 。如：vIt is very important that a student (should) learn English well.v学生学好英语很重要。v3It is过去分词主语从句。vIt is reported that President Xi will visit some African countries soon.(it为形式主语，that引 导真正的主语从句)v据报道
11、将很快访问非洲的几个国家。v名师点拨v在“It is过去分词主语从句”中，过去分 词若为advised/ordered/asked等时，从句谓 语用“(should)do”。vIt is ordered that they should hand in their designs at once.(it为形式主语，that引导从 句作真正的主语，且从句中谓语用should do，且should可以省略)v命令他们马上交上他们的设计方案。v4It seems/appears/occurs to sb/doesnt matter/makes no difference.主语从句。vIt seems
12、 that it is going to rain.v看起来好像要下雨。v5It及物动词 宾语 that从句。vIt surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly.v让他吃惊的是他们突然来看他。v(二)主语从句中应注意的问题v1从句的语序要用陈述语序。vWhen we will set off is still under discussion.v我们什么时候动身还在讨论 中。vWhoever leaves the room last is asked to turn off the lights.v无论谁 最后离开都要把灯关掉。v2从句
13、作主语时 ，主句的谓语 一般用单数 形式。vWhere he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.v毕业 后到哪儿找份工作使他很困惑。v名师点拨vwhat和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语 的数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。vWhat the school needs much are books.v这所学校需要的是书。vWhat the school needs much is money.v这所学校需要的是钱。v3从句的时态一般要取决于主句。vThey lost their way in the forest and
14、 what made things worse was that night began to fall.v他们在森林里迷路了，更糟糕的是夜幕开始 降临。课堂达标验收v.语法填空v1Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _you have lived there for a short or a long time.v答案：whether 考查名词性从句。句意： 村子里的人都很友好，所以你住在那里时间 长还 是短都没关系。it是形式主语，真正主 语是whether引导的名词性从句。v2It is immediate
15、ly clear_the financial crisis will soon be over.v答案：whether 考查主语从句的用法。句 意：经济 危机是否会很快结束是很明显的事 情。“是否”用whether表示，不能选when 是因为从句中由soon这一时间 状语。v3It has been proved_eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.v答案：that 句意：已经证实 童年时期食用 蔬菜有助于晚年保护自己避免患严重的疾病 。It ha
16、s been proved that.为主语从句，表 示“已经证 明” 。例如：Can it be proved that he did commit these offences? 能证明他确实犯了这些罪吗？v4_ is obviously right is to give all children equal opportunities to develop their special gift.v答案：what 考查主语从句的连接词。所缺 处引导一个主语从句，并在从句中作句子的 主语，所以用what。句意为：明显正确的( 做法)就是，给所有的孩子提供平等发展特殊 才能的机会。v5_was most important to her,
