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1、GrammarThe Past Participle used as Adverbial 过去分词作状语逻辑主语？分词的逻辑主语即该动作在逻辑上的 发出者，（不一定就是句子的主语 ）Warming up1.Hearing the news, she cried. 逻辑主语：2.I like the book written by a famous English writer. 逻辑主语：shebook过去分词或其短语作状语, 一表示被动的动 作，二表示动作已经完成，相当于一个状语 从句。分词在作状语时其逻辑主语必须是句 子的主语。通常作如下几种状语：1. 作时间状语, 相当于连词when,
2、while, until等引导的时间状语从句.When the park is seen from the hill,1. Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.the park looks very beautiful.Told that his mother was ill, Jim hurried home quickly. When Jim was told his mother was ill, Jim hurried home quickly.Exercises:1.When _ according to the dir
3、ection,the drug has no side effect. A.taking B.taken C.to take D.to be takenB2.When _ (heat), water can be changed into steam.heated2.作原因状语，相当于because,as,since等引 导的原因状语从句。. Accompanied by his parents, he felt much more clam. Because he was accompanied by his parents . Told that what he did was usele
4、ss, the boy felt so sad. As the boy was told with that what he said waswrong,he felt much more clam., the boy felt so sad.Exercises:1._ twice, the postman refused to send our letters unless we tied our dog.(北京2009) A.Being bitten B.Bitten C.Having bitten D.To be bittenB2. _ (punish) in front of the
5、whole class, the little girl cried.分析：分词作状语相当于一个状语从句，还原成： Because the postman was bitten twice,故选BPunished3.作条件状语，相当于条件状语，相当于if,unlessif,unless引导的条件引导的条件 状语从句状语从句1.If we were given more time, we could do it much better.2.If dogs are compared with elephants, they are so small.Given more time,we could
6、 do it better.Compared with elephants,they are so small.Exercises:If not to drugs, he will live a much better life. (2002湖南卷) A. being addicted B. addicting C. addicted D. to be addictedC分析：还原成条件状语从句即：If he was not addicted to drugs,he will注意：英语中有些过去分词来源于系表结构，作 状语时不表示被动含义，而表示主语的状态其前 不用being，常见的有：los
7、t(迷路） lost in（沉 迷于）seated hidden dressed in等；而有些动词的过去分词也形容词化，相当于形容词 。常见的有mixed interested excited addicted amazed advanced bored broken injured tired located pleasedworriedpuzzledretired等1. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A.Dressing B.Dressed C.To dress D. Being dresse
8、d2.Much_(excit), he keeps on working.B分析：When he is dressed in a ,he looks分析：Because he is much excited,he excited？4. 作让步状语让步状语, ,相当于相当于although,though,even although,though,even if ,even thoughif ,even though等等引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句1. Though they had been warned of the wind, the farmers were still worki
9、ng in the fields.2. Even if Im invited, I wont take part in the party.Though warned of the wind，Even if invited,I wont take part in the party.the famers were still working in the fields.Exercises:1.No matter how frequently_, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A.perform B.
10、performing C.to be performed D. being performed A5. 作方式、伴随状语方式、伴随状语Eg: The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of studentsThe teacher entered the classroom, and followed by a group of students.n1. Laughed at by everyone, but he had my support.n2. Known to all, so he was rec
11、ognized very easily.Correction:eg. _, but he still could not understand it.A. Told many timesB. Having told many timesC. He has been told many timesD. Though he had been told many timesCAttention：分词作状语就相当于一个 状语从句，故应省略连词； 同样如状语从句有引导词，主句前则不 能带连词。but总结：分词（包括不定式）在作状语时其逻 辑主语必须是句子的主语:即与句子的主语保 持一致Practice:
12、1._ in thought, he almost ran into the car . A.Losing B.Lost C.Being lost D.To lost2.When_ to give a seat to a white man on the bus, Jim refused. asking B.ask C.asked D.askBC3. The plan is so designed that once_ it cant be changed any more.A.Begins B.having begunC.beginning D.begun4. When first_ to
13、the market, these products enjoyed great success.A.introducing B.introducedC.being introduced D.introduce5.A cool rain was falling,_ with snow.A. mixed B,mixing C.to mix D.having mixDBA现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别：1.现在分词作状语时，其所表示的动作与句子主 语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。 eg:He went out, shutting the door behind him. Hearing the new
14、s,she cried loudly.2.过去分词作状语时，其所表示的动作与句子主 语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。eg:If watered every day,the trees can grow better. Left alone in the dark room, the girl felt afraid.Exercises:1. _by some officials, Mr Bush inspected his army.A. Followed B. Following C. Being followed D. To be followed2. _the soilders,Tom went into a forest.A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followedBBAttention现在分词有一般和完成两种时态一般式 doing (表主动，进行）被动形式 being done （表被动，进行）完成式 having done表示发生在谓语动词之前 的一个主动的动作，其被
