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1、Exercise 2 for GrammarI. language highlights.A. 本单元中出现了不同的国名和国籍，请看下表：本单元中出现了不同的国名和国籍，请看下表：CountryNationalityChina（中国）Chinese（中国人）the USA/America（美国）American（美国人）the UK/Britain（英国）British（英国人）India（印度）Indian（印度人）Australia（澳大利亚）Australian（澳大利亚人）Japan（日本）Japanese（日本人）Canada（加拿大）Canadian（加拿大人）【活学活用活学活用】
2、请写出与下列国家相对应的国籍请写出与下列国家相对应的国籍CountryNationality1Thailand2Korea3France4Germany5Italy6SpainKeys: 1. Thai 2. Korean 3. French 4. German 5. Italian 6. Spanish现在完成时现在完成时（一）含义现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含义是：现在我没有钱花了。)Jane has laid the table
3、.(含义是：已可以吃饭了。)Michael has been ill.(含义是：现在仍然很虚弱。)He has returned from abroad. (含义是：现在已在此地)（二）结构助动词 have /has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用 has，其他人称用 have 。（三）句型1、肯定句：主语+have /has+动词过去分词+其他。I have studied English for 5 years.2、否定句：主语+have /has+not +动词过去分词+其他。We havent been there.3、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？Has
4、 he eaten that apple?4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have /has +主语+动词过去分词+其他？（四）用法1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况,常与 for, since 连用。 e.g. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如 already, yet, just, before, recently, lately 等：e.g. He has already obtained a scholarshi
5、p.I havent seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?3、现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如 often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion 等：e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing? I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this
6、 pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如 now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far 等。e.g. Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned
7、 to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has been too much rain this year.The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful.5、现在完成时表示现在之前就已完成的动作, 虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续, 但是有一些现在完成时的句子，在后面加上 for+一段时间，则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。e.g. Thoma
8、s has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.)6、现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。e.g. We have had four texts this semester.现在完成时中的时间状语：already 通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”，位于行为动词之前, be 动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句
9、句尾，表示惊讶。例如：We have already cleaned the classroom.Have you finished it already？yet 用于疑问句中表示“已经”；用于否定句中，表示“还(没)”。例如：Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？No, not yet. 是, 还没有。ever 意为“曾经”，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。例如：Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么
10、事。never 意为“（曾经）从未、没有”, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever 与否定词 not 连用相当于 never。例如：I havent ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。just 意为“刚刚”, 用于现在完成时, 表示行为刚刚过去, 位于助动词与过去分词之间。e.g. He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。 just now 意为“刚才”, 表示过去某时, 用于一般过去时, 位于句首或句尾均可。e.g. He came from sch
11、ool just now.他刚才从学校回来。for 和 since 的用法及区别。for 与一段时间连用，since 与时间点连用。 注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970. I havent seen her since she left Shanghai. I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I have never seen her. have/has gone to、have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的区别
12、。have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人还未回来have/ has been to 曾经去过, 人已经回来了have/ has been in 已经在, 常与一段时间连用e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海 10 年了。Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？但不能说 Have you gone to Qingdao?1. _ you ever _ for a newspaper?Yes. I t
13、hink its a good experience for me.A. Do, write B. Have, written C. Will, write D. Did, write2.My aunt isnt hereShe _ Beijing on business.She will be back in three days（浦东）A has gone to B has been to C went D will go to 3. Great changes _ in our hometown in the past five yearsA. take place B. took pl
14、ace C. have taken placeD. were taking place4. When I saw David yesterday, he _ to the music with an earphone.（闸北）A. listened B. has listened C. was listening D. had listened5. Id like you to tell me something about Shen Nongjia.Im sorry, but neither Jack nor I _ there.A. have been B. had beenC. have
15、 gone D. has gone6. So far more than 10 people _ in the car accident last Friday. （松江）A. died B. die C. dyingD. have died7. Julies father _ to London last month. He _ there three times.A. went; had gone B. has gone; has beenC. went; has been D. has been; had gone8. your son _a camera?No. He _one this summer vacation.A. Has .bought; will buy B. Did.buy; boughtC. Does .buy; bought D. Does .buy; will buy9. Where is your uncle? - He _ to Hong Kong. He will come back in two weeks. （青浦） A has been B had been C has goneD went 10. - This is a no-left-turn area. Dont yo
