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1、摘 要 I摘 要 书法雅言是项穆（15521599）于万历中期撰写的书法理论著述，是以儒家正统思想治书学的集大成者，极具整体观和系统性。面对当时“书统”不传的书学环境，项穆以卫道士的身份撰写书法雅言是社会责任感使然，要挽狂澜于既倒。其论以孔子为精神领袖，站在儒家正统思想的立场上来讨论书法，针对当时书法艺术领域的“郑声”，而提出“雅言”,依稀有“代圣人立言”的深远之意。 该文借鉴文献法和比较分析法等研究方法，分析并解决了项穆书法雅言的几个相关问题。问题一：项穆书学思想的渊源究竟是什么？是受程朱理学的影响，还是像前人研究的那样，受心学的影响？问题二： 书法雅言中具体体现了怎样的书学思想？这思想中又
2、有哪几部分是在书法史中首次被提出并产生深远意义？问题三：对于书法雅言 ，我们应该给予怎样的评价？ 文章分为三部分，第一章主要立足于中国传统文化的大背景之下，从项穆所处的时代大环境和特殊的家庭出身入手，以期理清项穆书论的思想渊源和成因。第二章主要是对其书学思想从三个大方面进行了阐述： 正本清源， 建立王羲之的书统正宗地位；确立中和为书法艺术的最高审美理想；把书法当作“正人心“的手段，标榜书法的人格化意义。其后专列一节论述书法“大统”和最高审美理想的文化传承问题。第三章主要从新的视角和立场出发，分别论述了书法雅言对后世书法艺术发展的影响及其历史地位的评价问题。为帖学正统树立了供后世学习和研究的楷模
3、，并且为帖学正统这个系统的“书法秩序”设计了蓝图，为其后书法史的发展起到了指导作用。 关键词：关键词：项穆 书学思想 书统 中和Abstract IIAbstract Elegant Talks on Chinese Calligraphy is a famous book about theories of Chinese calligraphy, written by Mu Xiang in the middle time of the Wanli reign period. Mu Xiang has a comprehensive understanding of interweavin
4、g Confucianism with calligraphic ideology, making this book successful in both wholism and systematicness. Being confronted with the ambience in which the calligraphic ideology was not appreciated and passed on, Mu Xiang, like a moralist, inspired by the sense of social responsibility wrote Elegant
5、Talks on Chinese Calligraphy in order to turn back the powers of darkness. In Xiangs theories and works, Confucius is seen as the spiritual leader. Further, those works talk about Chinese Calligraphy based on Confucianism, proposing the concept of elegant talks on the contrary to the vulgar speeches
6、 that appeared in Chinese Calligraphic and artistic areas at that time. Xiangs behaviors and works have great impact on spreading Confucianism. Next, this article utilized many research methods, such as collecting related works and comparative analysis, to analyze and solve several connected questio
7、ns about Xiangs book Elegant Talks on Chinese Calligraphy. These questions are illustrated as follows, 1, whats the origin of Xiangs thoughts about calligraphic ideology? Are those thoughts influenced by Neo-confucianism or by Heart-mind theory, like the results from the former researchers? 2, what
8、kind of calligraphic ideology is expressed in Elegant Talks on Chinese Calligraphy? Which parts of those calligraphic ideologies are proposed for the first time during the history of calligraphy and bear far-reaching significance? 3, what kind of evaluation should be given to Elegant Talks on Chines
9、e Calligraphy? Last, this article was divided into three parts. The first chapter, under the overall background of Chinese traditional culture, drew on the environment in which Xiang lived and Xiangs unusual family background, exploring the ideological origin and reasons of Xiangs theory of calligra
10、phy. The second chapter intensively talked about three major Abstract IIIaspects of Xiangs calligraphic ideology. The first aspect was to effect radical reform for the purpose of setting up the authentic status of Xizhi Wangs calligraphy. The second aspect was to reassure that neutralization should
11、be the highest aesthetic ideal in calligraphy. The third aspect was to suggest using calligraphy as a tool to cultivate ones heart, to emphasize the significance of personification in calligraphy. Moreover, another passage was written to discuss how to unify the calligraphy and to pass on the highes
12、t aesthetic ideal in calligraphy. From a new angle and standpoint, the third chapter descanted on the influences of Elegant Talks on Chinese Calligraphy towards calligraphys development in later years and on how to assess its historical place respectively. Key words: XiangMu BookSystem TheBook Thought Moderation目 录 IV目 录 绪绪 论论.1 第第 1 章章 项穆书法雅言书学思想的成因项穆书法雅言书学思想的成因.3 1.1 关于书法雅言的版本问题.3 1.2 项穆所处时代背景.4 1.2.1“书统”不传的书学环境.4 1.2.2 江南地区书画艺术的繁荣.5 1.2.3 收藏巨贾的项氏家族.6 1.3 项穆书学思想的渊源.8 1.3.1 儒家的“道统”思想为其立论之本.8 1.3.2 程、朱理学潜移默化的影响.9 1.3.3 项氏家族的儒家正统教育观念.10 第第 2 章章 项穆书法雅言书学思想阐述项穆书法雅言书学思想阐述.13 2.1书法雅言中的书学思想.
