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1、名词性从句概念：一个句子， 在连词的引导下，在另一个句子 中充当名词使用，叫名词从句名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表 语从句和同位语从句名词性从句可以表示：事实和问题。 1.连接词有： that whether 和 lf 2.连接代词有：who whom whose which what 等 3.连接副词有：when where why how 等 另外 whatever， whoever， whichever等 也 可以引导主语和宾语两种从句。 名词性从句中的“that”没有词义，也不作任何成 分在名词性从句中一律用陈述句 的语序，即使从句表达的是疑 问含义。 The problem
2、is what he has done to the little boy. 问题是他对那个小男孩做了些 什么。 1. 主语从句 在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句 。 主语从句通常由从属连词that， whether 和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连 接副词how,when,where, why等 词引导。that在从句中无词义，只起连接 作用；连接代词和连接副词在 句中既保留自己的疑问含义、 又起连接作用，在从句中充当 成分。 What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚 。Who
3、will win the match is still unknown. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. That he stole a bike was true. 单个的主语从句作主语时，谓 语动词用单数形式。如果是两 个或两个以上的主语从句作主 语，谓语动词则用复数形式。 Where and when he was born has not been found. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still
4、 unknown. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常 用it 代替主语从句作形式主语 放于句首，而把主语从句置于 句末。主句的谓语动词一般用 单数形式。常用句型如下：1）It + be + 名词 + that从句 2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名 作家的。It is a pity that its a shame that Its no wonder that It is s
5、uggested that Its requested that Its proposed that, Its desired that注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊 奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等 语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary Its important, Its natural strange, etc.) that 1 _ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go cam
6、ping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country _ the First World. A. Which; belong to B. As, belonged to C. What; belonging to D. It; belonging to 4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water
7、 is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when 6.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D haveABDBBA2. 宾语从句 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语 从句。 引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主 语从句表语从句的关联词大致一 样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介 词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.)由连接词that引导的宾语从
8、句由连接词that引导宾语从句时， that在句中不担任任何成分，在 口语或非正式的文体中常被省 去，但如从句是并列句时,第二 个分句前的that不可省。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 注意:在demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、
9、 命令、建议、决定等意义的动 词后，宾语从句常用 “should+ 动词原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示 ”讲, insist作“坚持说、坚持认为” 讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用 陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. 2)用who，whom, which, w
10、hose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等 关联词引导的宾语从句相当于 特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序 要用陈述语序。 I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 3)用whether或if引导的宾语句whether和if均可引导动词后的 宾语从句，常可互换。但从句 中有or not时或介词后的宾语从
11、 句中只能用whether连接。其它 名词性从句，如：主语从句、 表语从句、同位语从句只用 whether. Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?Everything depends on whether we have enough money. I dont care about whether you have money or not. 介词后的宾语从句一般不用 whi
12、ch和if引导，要用whether和 what。that也很少引导介词宾语 从句，只在except, but, besides等 之后才用。 I wonder whether he will come or not. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 4)宾语从句中的时态呼应 宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句 谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓 语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓 语动词可以用各种时态； I know that he studies English every day. I know (that) he will study English n
13、ext year. We all know that he has studied English since 1998. I know that he studied English last term. 如果主句中的谓语动词用了一 般过去时，则从句中的语动只 能用过去时的某种形式，如一 般过去时，过去进行时，过去 将来时等； We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 当从句表示的是客观真理，科 学原理，自
14、然现象，则从句仍 用现在时态。 The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.5)当主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时 ，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形 式，常把否定词not从从句中转移 到主句中成为否定的转移。 We dont believe that he will win the game. I dont think he will do so. 6)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补 足语，则必须用it作形式宾语 ，而将宾语从句后置，并且 that不能省略。 H
15、e has made it clear that he will not give in. 连接代词whoever，whatever， whichever可引导名词性从句， 相当于anyone who, anything that 等。它们也可以引导让步状语 从句，相当于 no matter who/ what/ which。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 1.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel) 2.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) 3.The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) 4.Tom says that they _ (play) basketball yesterday evening. 5.I hear they
