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1、第二讲：语气（虚拟语气）从句主句例句 与现在 事实相 反的假 设If+主语+动词过 去式 （be用were)主语 +shouldwouldcould might+动词 原形If i were you, i should seize the chance to go abroad与过去 事实相 反的假 设if+主语+had+过去分 词主语 +shouldwouldcould might+have+过去分 词If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.与将来 事实相 反的假 设If+主语+动词 过去式If+主
2、语+were to+动词 原形If+主语+should+动词 原形主语 +shouldwouldcould might+动词 原形If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday 1、用在简单句中的虚拟语气：表示祝福。 例：May the friendship between us last long.2、在从句的虚拟语气：（1）、主句从句中的虚拟语气： it 为形式主语的句型。It is/ was +形容词+that+主句+ should do sth 。其中should常常省 略。
3、常用形容词有： anxious ，essential ，impossible ，necessary ， possible ，probable，strange，urgent，vital等。例：It is important that we ( should) practice a lot.（2）宾语从句中的虚拟语气：表示命令、建议、主张、要 求等的动词后that的宾语从句用 should+do表虚拟，但 should常被省略。这些动词有：suggest（建议），propose （提议）， recommend（建议），advise（建议），insist（坚持 ），urge（极力主张），ask（要求
4、），require（命令 、要求），request（要求），demand（命令）， desire（要求），order（命令），decide（决定）， intend（打算），prefer（宁愿），urge（敦促）等。例：He suggested that we (should) work together.应该注意的是，当上述动词为名词形式时，后接的that名词从句 也要用虚拟语气should do。且should 可省略。注意：当suggest表示”表明，暗示”的意思时，后 面不用虚拟语气。如：The smile on his face suggested that he was satisf
5、ied with our work.It is desiredsuggested proposedrecommendednecessaryimportantstrange a pity+that从句，从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week注意：发生在过去，用（should）have+过去分词 如：It is strange that he (should)have acted toward his parents like that虚拟语气在as if引导的从句中
6、的运用同时发生用一般过去时；从句发生在主句之前用过去完成 时；从句发生在主句之后用过去将来时He looks as if he were an artistShe speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in AmericaHe learns english so hard as if he would go to USA.Wish 后的宾语从句：这种句型通常表示的是不可能实现的愿望 。当时用一般过去时；过去用过去完成时；将来用 couldwould+动词原形。宾语从句中用过去时（be 用were的形式）表示与现在事实相
7、 反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。 例：She wishes she knew his phone number.例：She wishes she had told him the news.注意：would rather+从句，要用虚拟语气。从句中的谓语 动词用过去时表示现在或将来，表示宁愿、希望。例：Wed rather he came to visit us tomorrow.句意：我们宁愿他明天来看我们。此外 if only也有此类用法 意思与wish一致If only i were a flying birdIf only i had seen the film（3）状语从句中的
8、虚拟语气：if 引导的条件 状语从句。1）与过去事实相反：If I had +过去分词，I should/would have +过去分词。2）与现在事实相反: If I were/ did, I should/would do.3）与将来事实相反: If I were/ did, I should/would do.例：If I had bought the book, I would not have borrowed it from the library.例：If I were you, I would go to the park. 应当注意的是，if 常省略，此时，条件从句倒装。例
9、：Had I bought the book, I wouldnt have borrowed it from the library.If的倒装句If i were at school again, i would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbingHad you come earlier, you would have caught the bus. Were i at school a
10、gain, i would study harder.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing(4) 定语从句中的虚拟语气表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须 用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形。例：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 例：It is high time you should go to work. (5) 其他状语从
11、句的虚拟语气1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的目的状语从 句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词 原形。并且 should 不能省略例：She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 句意：她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。例：He started out earlier lest he should be late. 句意：他很早就出发了以防迟到。(2) 在 so that, in order that 所引导的目的
12、状语 从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。例：He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 例：He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 句意：他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词 。2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在 even if, even though 所引导的让步状语 从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结
13、构与 if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。例：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. (2) 在whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中， 从句虚拟语气结构为： may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如：例：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。例：You mustnt be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 例：We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made.上述几点往往在单选题、完形填空或者阅读 理解里面存在，在单选题中每年必考，每年 完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识 的题目
