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1、第 7 讲 主谓一致1. Onethird of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people. (2011湖南卷 26)A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is【解析】选 A。分数及百分比后接名词的谓语动词由名词的单复数来决定。名词为单数谓语动词就用单数；名词为复数，谓语动词则用复数。a/the majority of(大多数)后接复数谓语动词用复数。2. The factory used 65 percent of the raw
2、 materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes. (2011安徽卷 27)A. is B. are C. was D. were 【解析】选 D。the rest of n.后的谓语动词单复数由名词单复数而定。此句中 which 指代 raw materials(原材料)。根据前后句的时态一致性可知要用一般过去时。进行含义。 考点 1.代词作主语Nothing but stamps and envelopes _ for sale. A. are B. is C. are left D. remain 【解析】选 B。nothi
3、ng 作主语表单数概念，谓语动词用单数。but 后的名词不影响谓语动词的单复数。主谓一致的原则：形式一致；内容一致；就近一致。1. 由 each, either, neither, one, the other, another, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, nobody, no one, nothing 等指代单数名词的不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。2主语是 who, what, which, all, more, most, some,
4、 any, none, the rest 等时，谓语动词的形式须依据具体情况而定。3. such, the same 起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指定的内容来决定单复数。考点 2.名词作主语Apples of this kind _ well. A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold 【解析】选 B。n. of this kind 后的谓语动词由名词单复数来定。sell well 畅销，用主动表被动。1. 主语是 board, family, class, team, group, crowd, audience, company, crew, comm
5、ittee, enemy, government, party 等名词，如果作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作为其中一个一个的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。2. 主语是时间、距离、价格、度量衡单位等名词或短语，不论它们是单数还是复数，谓语动词一般用单数形式。3. 主语是 news, politics, physics, plastics, mathematics 等名词时，谓语动词常用单数形式。4. 主语若是书名、剧名、报纸杂志名称或国家、单位名称时，即使名词是复数形式，谓语动词也只能用单数形式。5. 主语是 clothes, compasses, goods, glasses, trouser
6、s, scissors, shoes, gloves 等名词时，谓语动词常用复数形式。6. 主语是 kind of, type of, pair of, amount of, quantity of+名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照 kind, type, amount, pair, quantity 的数而确定。7. 主语是 the number of +名词复数时，谓语动词用单数形式。但主语是a number of +名词复数时，谓语动词却用复数形式。8. population 作主语时，谓语一般用单数；但其前有(百)分数时，谓语一般用复数。9. 主语是 means, works(工厂), s
7、heep, fish, Japanese, Chinese 等名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照它们在句中的意义来确定。考点 3.两个或两个以上的名词连在一起作主语No bird and no beast _ on the lonely island. A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees【解析】选 B。 no A and no B 后谓语动词用单数。1. 用 and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如： To play football and to go swimming are useful for charactertraining. 但是如果并列
8、主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，如 bread and butter; soda and water; coffee and water; aim and end; salt and water 等，谓语动词用单数形式。 如When and where to go for the onsalary holiday hasnt been decided yet. 2. the+n1+and+n2 指同一个人，如 the writer and painter, 谓语动词用单数形式。3. and 所连接的两个名词前分别有 every, each, no, many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用
9、单数形式。4. 主语是连接词 or, eitheror， neithernor， whetheror， not but， not onlybut also等连接的名词或代词时，谓语动词的形式须与最接近的名词或代词保持一致。5. 主语是“A+ with / as well as / along with / together with / like / rather than / except / but / including / plus / besides / in addition to+B”结构时，谓语须与 A 保持一致。6. more than one+名词单数；a+名词单数+or
10、two 等作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。考点 4. “the+形容词或分词”作主语The wounded _ been carried to hospital already.A. is B. are C. has D. have【解析】选 D。 “the+分词”指人作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。1. “the+形容词或分词”指人作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。2. “the+形容词或分词”指抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。考点 5.句子、短语作主语Most of what has been said about the Smiths_also true of the J
11、ohnsons.A. are B. isC. being D. to be【解析】选 B。 1. 主语是不定式或动名词时，谓语动词常用单数形式。2. 主语是从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但在“主语+系动词+表语”结构中，如果是 what 从句作主语，其谓语的单复数取决于后面的表语。3. 在强调句型“It +be +被强调部分+ that/who ”中， be 总是用单数形式；that/who 后的谓语动词的形式必须跟被强调的主语保持一致。4. 定语从句中谓语动词的形式必须跟先行词保持一致。Barbara is the only one of the athletes who _ a winn
12、er of the 100metre race in our town since 1998. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been【解析】选 D。 当 one 之前有 the 或 the only/very/just 时，定语从句则是修饰 the (only/very/just) one 的，谓语动词用单数。此题中后有时间状语 since 1998，故用现在完成时。温馨提示：在“one of +名词复数+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用复数形式，但当 one 前面有 the (only)修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词一般是用单数形式。5. 当 There / Here be 后有几个主语时， be 与邻近的主语保持一致。
