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1、Sentence ElementsStephanie构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分 .Definition主要成分次要成分主语Subject (S)谓语Predicate (V)表语Predicative (P)宾语Object (O)定语Attribute状语Adverbial 补足语句子成分Object Complement (Oc)句子成分详解表句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当词类例句主语句子叙述的主体，表示句子说的是 什么人或什么事名、代、数、名词化的 形容词、不定式、 动名词和从句We study in HuangQiao MiddleSchool.谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特
2、征和状态，说明主语做什么， 是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语表示动作行为的对象或承受者同主语Both of us like English.表语与联系动词连用，说明主语的身份 、性质、品性、特征和状态的名词、形容词、副词、 介词短语、不定式 、动词的-ing、从句Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable.定语用来修饰名词、代词或其他名词化 的词形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或从句We have eight lessons every day.状语修饰动词短语、形容词短语、副
3、词 短语、分句以至句子，表示动 作发生的时间，地点，原因， 目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或从句He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood.宾语 补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词 短语等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！v是一个句子所叙述的主体，表示句子说的 是什么人或什么事,一般位于句首。v但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑 问词时）和倒装句中，主语不放于句首， 而位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。v主语可由名词、
4、代词、数词、不定式、动 名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示 。主语Subject1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular。2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should h
5、elp the poor. （名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面 的不定式）v说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征 和状态。v动词或动词词组在句中作谓语，一 般放在主语之后。谓语Predicate1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。He practices running every morning.T
6、he plane took off at ten oclock. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词的各种 变形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一 致（主谓一致）。v表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于 及物动词和介词后面。v由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容 词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来 担任。宾语Object1.They went to see an exhibition y
7、esterday.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名词化
8、形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） Lend me your dictionary, please. To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等， He sent the novel to William yesterday. For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等， She bought a gift for he
9、r mother. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补） They elected him their monitor.v只能接不定式做宾语ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等 ，如： He refused to lend me his bike.v只能接动名词做宾语admit, avoid, advise, consider,
10、enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等，如：John has admitted breaking the window .v既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。v用以说明主语的身份、性质、品性 、特征和状态。v一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后 。v表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、 数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分 词、介词短语及表语从句表示。表
11、语Predicative1.Our teacher of English is an American. （名词） 2.Is it yours? （代词） 3.The weather has turned cold. （形容词） 4.The speech is exciting. （分词） 5.Three times seven is twenty one? （数词）6.His job is to teach English. （不定式） 7.His hobby is playing football. （动名词） 8.The meeting is of great importance. （
12、介词短语） 9.Time is up. The class is over. （副词） 10.The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句） 用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的身份 、性质、品性、特征和状态等。系动词（Linking verb)状态系动词持续系动词表像系动词感官系动词变化系动词终止系动词1）状态系动词:表示主语状态, beeg. He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词:表示主语继续或保持一 种状况或态度, keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand eg. He always kept s
13、ilent at meeting. 3）表像系动词:表示“看起来像”这一概 念，seem, appear, look eg. He seems (to be) very sad. 4）感官系动词:feel, smell, sound, taste eg. This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）变化系动词:表示主语变成什么样， become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run eg. He became mad after that. 6）终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作，表 达“证实”，“变成”之意， prove, t
14、urn out eg. The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. v英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾 语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能 使句子的意义完整。v带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及 物动词+宾语+宾补。v宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式 、分词、介词短语和从句充当。宾语补足语Object complement1.His father named him Dongming. 2.They painted their boat white. 3.Let the fresh air in. 4.You mustnt
15、force him to lend his money to you. 5.We saw her entering the room. 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）（从句）v修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从 句称为定语。v定语常由形容词，分词，名词, 代词，不定式短语，动名词，介词 短语或从句担任。定语Attribute1.Guilin is a beautiful
16、city. （形容词） 2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country. （分词） 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名词） 4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised. （代词）5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. （不定式短语） 6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （动名词） 7.He is reading an article about how to learn English. （介词短语） 8.Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons.(定语从句)v修饰动词、形
