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1、 第二篇第二篇 句法句法定语从句复习要点 1.定语从句的关系词 2.定语从句的分类 3.关系代词词和关系副词词的功用 4.各个关系代词词和关系副词词的具体用法 5.几个需要注意的事项The Attributive Clause定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从 句修饰的名词或词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后 ，对其先行词起限定作用。This is Tom. Tom gave us a talk yesterday.This is Tom who (that) gave us a talk yesterday.先行词 定语从句定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词
2、有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关 系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose） 等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副 词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句 的重要成分。定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制 性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句 不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用 ，如省去，意思仍完整。限制性定语从句：主句和从句不隔开，从句不能省略，否则就会失掉意义 不能成立。如：He is reading a book
3、which is too difficult for him.Here is the boy who damaged the glass. 非限制性定语从句：主句和从句用逗号隔开，从句对修饰的部分起到进一步 说明的作用，拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。如： The book is written by Guo Jinming, who is only 19 years old. Bobs father, who was an engineer, spent 4 years in Egypt. Shanghai, which is developing fast, has become one
4、of worlds trade center. 注意点： 1.非限制性定语从句不能用that引导. She is very fond of French, which indeed she speaks quite well. 2.which还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情. Their house is washed away by the floods, which made them very sad. He lost his job finally, which was exactly what we wanted. 难点链接关系代词词和关系副词词的功用关系代词词和关系副词词用来引导导定
5、于从句，在先行词词和定语语从句之间间起纽纽 带带作用，使二者联联系起来。关系代词词和关系副词词又在定语语从句中充当一个成 分。关系待客做主语语，宾语宾语 ，定语语，关系副词词可作状语语。 1. 作主语语：关系代词词在定语语从句中作主语时语时 ，从句的谓语动词谓语动词 的人称和数 须须和先行词词一致。例如： I dont like people who talk much but do little. The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语宾语 ： She is the person that I
6、met at the school gate yesterday. The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语语:关系代词词whose在定语语从句中作定语语用。例如： Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. 4. 作状语语 Ill never forget the day when I first came t
7、o Beijing. This is the house where I was born.难点链接各个关系代词词和关系副词词的具体用法 1. who 指人，在定语语从句中作主语语。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it. The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 2. whom指人，在定语语从句中作宾语宾语 。例如： Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？ Mr. Lee (whom) you w
8、ant to see has come. 3. whose 指人，在定语语从句中作定语语。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. I know the boy whose father is a professor. 4. which指物，在定语语从中作主语语或宾语宾语 。例如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 5. that
9、多指物，有时时也指人，在定语语从句中作主语语或宾语宾语 。例如：Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news. Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6. when 指时间时间 ，在定语语从句中作状语语。例如： Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7. where 指地点，在
10、定语语从句中作状语语。例如：This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city. 8.why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 难点链接注意： 1.当先行词和介词有关联时： （1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+ which/ wh
11、om”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们 去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 （2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原 来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你 要找的那个人。 （3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从 句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she l
12、ives in is very far away.她居住的城市 非常远。难点链接2. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况： a.当先行词是不定代词，如all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等时。如：All that can be done has been done. I didnt mean this one; I mean the one that was bought yesterday. b.先行词（指物的）前面有only, few, one of, little, no, all,
13、 every, very 等词修饰时 Theres no difficulty that we cant overcome. Ive read all the books that can be borrowed here. c.先行词被序数词first, last, next等或形容词的最高级修饰时 This is the first letter that Ive written in Japanese. She is the most careful girl that Ive ever known. d.当先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the teacher
14、s and schools that they had visited. The speaker talked of some writers and books that were unknown to us. e.当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时 China isnt the country that she used to be 50 years ago. He is no longer the man that he used to be. Its a book that will help you a great deal.难点链接f当主句是以who, whi
15、ch或what开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop? Which is the car that overtook us yesterday? g. 当主句以There be结构开头时，或关系代词在there be结构中作实 义主语，先行项为物 There is a seat in the corner that is still free. There are two tickets of the film that are for you. The 9.15 is the fastest train that th
16、ere has ever been. h. 当先行词是what时 What did you hear that made you so angry? i.当先行词是基数词时 Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive. 3.只能用which，不用that 的情况：a.在非限制性定语语从中。例如：The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. b.定语语从句由介词词+关系代词词引导导，先行词词是物时时。例如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.难点链接4.只用who不用that的情况 a.先行词是one,
