高考被动语态考点系列讲与练

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1、1高考被动语态考点系列讲与练高考被动语态考点系列讲与练在英语的两种语态中，对于大多数学生而言，主动语态较易接受和理解，而被动语态则是 学习和备考的重点和难点。 考点 1：考查被动语态的启用与构成形式 【考例】1.The heros story differently in the newspapers .（NMET2005 全国） Awas reported Bwas reporting Creports Dreported 【考例】2. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year.

2、(NMET2005 山东卷)A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away 【考例】3. Millions of poundsworth of damage_ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (NMET2005 重庆) Ahas been caused Bhad been caused Cwill be caused Dwill have been caused 【考例】4.

3、 Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. (NMET) A. have been taken place；have been set up B. have taken place；have been set up C. have taken place；have set up D. were taken place；were set up 【考点透视】 被动语态的构成。 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由 be过去分词构成，be 随时态的变化而 上变化。 以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1am/is/

4、are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2has /have been done 现在完成时 例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. 3am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例 A new cinema is being built here 4was/were done 一般过去时例 I was given ten minutes to dec

5、ide whether I should reject the offer. 5had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6.was/were being done 过去进行时例 A meeting was being held when I was there. 7shall/will be done 一般将来时例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8should/w

6、ould be done 过去将来时例 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 9shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例 The project will have been completed before July.10should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）例 He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1带情态动

7、词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.22有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语， 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其

8、 余不动。例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时， 要加 to。例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the

9、 building. 5有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于 被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 不能用被动语态的几种情况。 所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。 表示状态的谓语动词，如： last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to 等。 表示归属的动词，如 have、own、belong to 等。 表示“希望、意图”

10、的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate 等。 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。 宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有 sell、write、wash、open、lock 等。 【备考策略】分清及物与不及物动词，记准被动语态的各种时态的构成形式以及可以用被 动语态的的场合。 【体验高考】 1. According to the art dealer, the painting to go for at least a million dollars.

11、(NMET 2004 年全国卷 III, 30)A. is expected B. expects C. expected D. is expecting 2. More patients in hospital this year than last year. (NMET 2004 年江苏, 26)A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated 3. All the employees except the manager to work online at home. (NMET 2004 年广 东，

12、21)A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged 4. Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes. (NMET 2001 年春季北京，12) A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 【考例】1. More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. (NMET2005 上海)A. sent B. were sent C

13、. had sent D. had been sent 【考例】2.-Why did you leave that position? (2005 北京 31).-I _ a better position at IBM. A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered 【考例】3.- The window is dirty. (NMET2004 广州卷)3- I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleane

14、d 【考点透视】 被动语态时态的用法是高考考查的热点。被动语态时态的用法与主动语态相应时态的用法 大致是一样的。但被动语态一般不常用于将来进行时态和各种完成进行时态。 表示现在或经常发生的被动动作，用一般现在时的被动语态；表示现在之前发生的被动 动作或过去某个时候发生的被动动作一直延续到现在且该动作的结果对现在造成影响，用 现在完成时的被动语态。试比较： Tom, you are wanted on the phone. 汤姆，你有电话。 Ten houses have been set up by now. 到目前为止，已经建好了十座房子。 【考例】4. Months ago we sail

15、ed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （NEMT2005 辽宁卷） Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called 【考例】5. I cant see any coffee in this cupboard. ? (NMET2005 春)A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished C. Has it all finished D. Did

16、 it all finish 【考例】6. You can see the house _ for years. (MET1981)A. isnt painted B. hasnt painted C. hasnt been painted D. hadnt been painted 表示过去某个时候发生的被动动作，用一般过去时的被动语态；表示过去某个时候之前 发生的被动动作，用过去完成时的被动语态。试比较： I was invited to the party yesterday. 我昨天应邀参加了晚会。 He said his car had been stolen. 他说他的汽车失窃了。 【考例】7. Aft