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1、 英語語法的溝通功能英語語法的溝通功能 2012.09.18 Ok, hello, welcome to this class. The title of this class is what? 英語語法的 溝通功能，but I like the English title better, making sense of English. How many years have you learn English? 小學三年級，till today, how many years? Over ten years. So we are supposed to be expert at Engli
2、sh. If you think you know English pretty well, answer these questions. Here are some of the rules we memorized before. Why are these rules there? In our previous experience of learning English, we only taught what is the rule，第三人稱單數要加 s，when you learn a new verb, you have to know it is transitive or
3、 intransitive,及物還是不及物，When you encounter a noun, you have to memorize it is a count noun or uncount noun 可數還 是不可數，So we memorize all of these, but have you asked about why? 有沒有人 問過？你問過什麼？why can I use although but not use but. Good, that is the question, and what was the answer? 所以 I think you shoul
4、d excited to be in this class because today we are going to overturn all your grammar rules so that you really know what English is like you know a person. You have many friends, these friends have different personalities, same for language. Different languages have different personalities. So do yo
5、u know English? If you dare to ask any question about grammar in middle school, usually the answer you get is 習慣用法，背起來就 好。I am not satisfied with that. I always wanted to ask why but no one answers. So I went on to find answers myself. And luckily I found the answer. So in this class, what are we go
6、ing to teach? I am not going to teach you the rules. I am not going to teach what. I suppose you already have what. You already have all these rules. What I am going to do is to add a question mark behind all the rules. So for every rule just add a why. And this class is going to answer all these qu
7、estions. Do you believe it? 我在這邊有沒有誇大其詞？相不相信我？都沒有反應，如果你不相 信當然也可以坐在這裡，to find out 到底最後的時候.but anyway，這門課配合 一本書的出版， I already published the book. It is going to be out this Friday，今 天還沒有教科書是因為禮拜五才要出。這本書的書名就叫作英文文法有道理，聯 經出本的，我把這本書定位在一本通俗的專業書，這本書是一本專業書但是是為 每一個人寫的，那這個系列我們會出三本，這是第一本，我們叫英語達人系列。 我記得前一陣子聯經也出一
8、系列叫做一生必讀的有沒有聽過？ten must read books in your life. What I want to say is you might get English textbooks by some experts. The problem is if you do not look at English from a linguistic perspective, 語言學的角度來看語言，you will never get to the real part. If you look at a person， 如果你不懂心理學，you can never explain
9、the behavior of a person，同不同意？if you dont look at psychology, you can never be able to explain the behavior of certain individual. So the same thing for language. If you do not look at linguistic characteristics of a language, you would not explain the behavior. But linguistic is not something abstr
10、act. You use language every day. I use language to communicate. So the first question whenever we get to language, people ask what is language? And you always answer the standard answer would be? 你的 answer 是什麼？what is language? A tool? What kind of tool? To learn other culture. To convey ideas. A to
11、ol for communication. Everyone says that 語言是溝通的工具 ， 你們不要被我嚇到了 ， just be normal, whatever you say is right. So 溝通的工具，but somehow we just stop there. Language is a tool for communication. But we cant stop there. You have to ask more. How? How can language achieve that goal as a tool for communication?
12、 How can language enable us to communicate? 覺不覺得應該這樣問？他是溝通的工具，但是它是怎麼達成溝通的？thats the purpose of this class. So as a linguist, I can provide a deeper look of a language. So these are the questions I want to start with. These are the questions for you to think about today. You dont have to have an answ
13、er but you need to do is to ask three people these question. If they cannot answer, you can tell them to buy my book or come to this class. Anyway, the first question is why is it that the sequence “becauseso” or “althoughbut” is not allowed in English? 從小我們 就被告知，老師說英文有了 although 就不可有 but，但是中文好得很阿，我
14、可以 說因為我對英文有興趣所以選了這門課，中文 perfectly fine，那英文為什麼不可 以？總有個道理，這門課真正名稱應該叫作英文文法有道理，我們就是要來看看 英文文法有什麼道理？以前你可能認為文法沒有道理，but I am telling you from today on, 文法是有道理的。 第二題，is it true that any, 還記得 any 嗎？記得我們國中高中背說，any 只 能用在否定和什麼？還記得嗎？any 只能用在疑問跟否定，所有的參考書都這麼 說 ， 有沒有人問過老師？或有沒有人找到 counter example？這邊除了外文大概就 是工學院的，外文講求
15、分析，那工學講實證，你們有沒有在實際 text 中看到 any 用在非疑問非否定句子中？有沒有？那我給你一個例子，這邊有一堆 apples ，you can take any of these apples. 疑問還是否定？都不是，剛剛不是才說 any 只能用 在疑問跟否定嗎？我今天會給你們一堆 advices，you are welcomed to take any of my advices. 追女朋友的時候說 I will do anything you say. I will do anything for you. 這些都不是否定阿，so why is there such a ru
16、le? 第三個問題，what is the difference between present participle and past participle? 所謂現在分詞和過去分詞，你知道台灣有一個最大關於英語教育的公 司叫作 ETS，專門在研究托福這些考試的，他們的 CEO 叫 BEN 我會請他們在課堂 上跟你們分享，那 supposedly 這傢伙英文應該很好吧，有一天他問我一個問題 讓我想到寫這本書，他問我說，現在分詞為什麼可以用在過去式？他說他一直搞不清楚 ，你們有沒有這個問題過？過去分詞不就過去嗎？可不可以用在現在式？ 當然可以，因為現在分詞過去分詞跟現在和過去根本沒關係，舉個例子，現在分 詞，this is a interesting book，可不可以放過去說，that was an i
