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1、1第一类第一类 MOTOR VEHICLE 汽车汽车一、一、Vehicle classification 汽车分类汽车分类 1.1 Car 轿车序号序号英英 文文中中 文文1passenger car轿 车2minicar微型轿车3subcompact car普通级轿车4compact car中级轿车5intermediate car中高级轿车6limousine car高级轿车1.2 Bus 客车序号序号英英 文文中中 文文1bus客 车2mini-bus微型客车3light bus轻型客车4medium bus中型客车5large bus大型客车6extra bus特大型客车7articu
2、lated bus铰链客车8double-deck bus双层客车1.3 Motor truck 货车序号序号英英 文文中中 文文1motor truck货 车2mini- truck微型货车3light truck轻型货车4medium truck中型货车5heavy truck重型货车6off-road vehicle越野汽车1.4 special purpose vehicle 专用汽车序号序号英英 文文中中 文文1special purpose vehicle专用汽车2van厢式汽车3tanker罐式汽车4dump truck自卸汽车序号序号英英 文文中中 文文5semi-traile
3、r towing vehicle半挂牵引汽车6full-trailer toeing vehicle全挂牵引汽车二、二、Vehicle construction 汽车构造汽车构造 2.1 Main components of vehicle 汽车主要组成序号序号英英 文文中中 文文1engine 发动机2front axle前 桥3wheel车 轮4clutch离合器5gearbox变速器6propeller shaft传动轴7universal joint万向节8final drive and differential主减速器和 差速器9rear axle后 桥10body车 身2.2 Ve
4、hicle performance 汽车性能序号序号英英 文文中中 文文1maximum speed of the automobile汽车最高 车速2time of acceleration of the automobile汽车加速 时间3maximum gradability of the automobile汽车最大 爬坡度4constant-speed fuel econ- omy of the automobile汽车等速 油耗5economical speed of the automobile汽车经济 车速2.3 engine position 发动机布置序号序号英英 文文中中
5、 文文1front engine , rear wheel drive前置发动机，后轮驱动2rear engine , rear wheel drive后置发动机， 后轮驱动2序号序号英英 文文中中 文文3front engine , front wheel drive前置发动机， 前轮驱动 4under cab-floor engine驾驶室下置 发动机5underfloor engine车厢地板下 置发动机三、三、Vehicle dimensions 汽车尺寸汽车尺寸序号序号英英 文文中中 文文1vehicle overall length车长2vehicle overall width车
6、宽3vehicle overall height车高4front overhang前悬5real overhang后悬6wheelbase轴距7tread轮距8ground clearance 最小离地间隙9angle of incidence接近角10descent angle离去角四、四、Wheel alignment 前轮定位前轮定位序号序号英英 文文中中 文文1caster 主销后倾2steering axis inclination主销内倾3camber 前轮外倾4toe-in前轮前束五、五、Diameter of turning circle 转弯直径转弯直径序号序号英英 文文中中
7、 文文1steering angle 转向角2outside diameter of minimum turning circle最小转弯外径3minimum turning circle diameter最小转弯直径4Inside diameter of minimum turning circle最小转弯内径5Turning clearance circle转弯通道圆3第二类第二类 ENGINE 发动机发动机一、一、Engine construction 发动机构造发动机构造序号序号英英 文文中中 文文1rocker arm cover摇臂罩2valve rocker arm气门摇臂3ca
8、mshaft凸轮轴4camshaft drive凸轮轴驱动轮5spark plug lead火花塞导线6timing belt cover正时皮带罩7valve spring气门弹簧8poppet valve菌形气门9piston活塞10connecting rod连杆11timing belt正时皮带12combustion chamber燃烧室13cylinder block汽缸体14water jacket 水套15oil filter机油滤清器16flywheel飞轮17ring gear齿圈18oil gage机油标尺19oil pan/sump油底壳20crankshaft曲轴21
9、drain plug放油孔塞22v-belt pulleyV 型皮带轮二、二、Essential term 基本术语基本术语序号序号英英 文文中中 文文1cylinder diameter汽缸直径2piston stroke活塞行程3crank radius曲轴半径4piston displacement活塞排量5compression chamber volume压缩室容积6total cylinder volume总汽缸容积7top dead center上止点8bottom dead center下止点三、三、Engine operation principle 发动机工作原理发动机工作
10、原理 3.1 Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle 四冲程汽油机工作原理序号序号英英 文文中中 文文1intake stroke进气行程2compression stroke压缩行程3expansion stroke膨胀行程4exhaust stroke 排气行程5combustible mixture可燃混合气6intake valve进气门7spark plug火花塞8exhaust valve排气门9exhaust gas废气3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle 四
11、冲程柴油机工作原理序号序号英英 文文中中 文文1intake stroke进气行程2compression stroke压缩行程3expansion stroke膨胀行程4exhaust stroke 排气行程5intake进气6compression压缩7combustion燃烧8expansion膨胀9exhaust排气10air空气11injector喷油器12exhaust gas废气3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine operation principle 二冲程汽油机工作原理序号序号英英 文文中中 文文1combustible mixture可燃混合气2i
12、nlet port进气口3crankcase曲轴箱4precompressed mixture预压混合气4序号序号英英 文文中中 文文5transfer canal输气道6intake port进气口7exhaust port排气口8exhaust gas废气9spark plug火花塞3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine operation principle 二冲程柴油机工作原理1air空气2blower pump扫气泵3precompressed air预压空气4air chamber空气室5inlet port 进气口6injector喷油器7exhaust val
13、ve排气门8exhaust gas废气四、四、Engine performance 发动机性能发动机性能序号序号英英 文文中中 文文1fixed throttle characteristics速度特性2part throttle characteristics 负荷特性3engine speed转速4torque扭矩5horsepower功率6specific fuel consumption燃油消耗率五、五、Crank connecting rod mechanism 曲柄连杆机构曲柄连杆机构 5.1 Cylinder block 机体组序号序号英英 文文中中 文文1cylinder bl
14、ock汽缸体2cylinder liner汽缸套3cylinder bearing surface汽缸套表面4cylinder head汽缸盖5inlet manifold mounting flange进气歧管 凸缘6oil inlet hole加油孔7cylinder head cover汽缸盖罩序号序号英英 文文中中 文文8cylinder head gasket汽缸盖衬垫9oil filter mounting flange机油滤清器 凸缘10ventilating pipe mounting seat通风管座11cylinder block stiffening rib汽缸体 加强肋
15、 12rear main bearing cover后主轴承罩13main bearing cap主轴承盖14oil sumppan gasket油底壳衬垫15oil sump/pan油底壳16fuel pump mounting flange燃油泵凸缘17ignition distributor mounting flange分电器凸缘18camshaft bearing bush seat凸轮轴 轴承座19camshaft drive(gear) cover凸轮轴 驱动齿轮罩20cylinder head cover gasket汽缸盖罩 衬垫5.2 Piston,connecting r
16、od 活塞连杆组序号序号英英 文文中中 文文1connecting rod shank连杆杆身2connecting rod small end连杆小头3connecting rod bushing连杆衬套4spring clip弹簧卡环5piston pin活塞销6piston head活塞头部7piston ring groove活塞环槽8compression ring压缩环9oil scraper ring 油环10piston skirt活塞裙部11piston pin boss活塞销座12connecting rod bearing halfshell连杆轴瓦13connecting rod cap连杆螺栓14connecting rod cap连杆大头盖15Connecting rod end连杆大头55.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲轴飞轮组序号序
