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1、1Unit 1 Stories考纲内容考纲内容1. 故事选篇。其特点是: 以第一人称或第三人称讲述自己或别人的经历。情节具体，文笔细腻生动。2. 语言对比：(1) 代词 英语代词用得很多，汉语实词用得多。英语可先出代词，后出实词，汉语则相反。（2）形容词与副词 注意搭配，一种语言可用的搭配，不一定能用于另一种语言。有时形容词或副词汉词时可单独处理。3. 考核要求 翻译中有处理以下问题的能力（1）所选故事的特点及理解方面的难点（2）代词（3）形容词与副词单元知识解读单元知识解读一、 故事文章故事文章一般分为两种：以第一人称谈自己或以第三人称记述别人的事迹。这类文章一般会是真人真事，能够引起读者阅
2、读的兴趣。文字生动活泼，文笔细腻生动。翻译这类文章时就忠实原文，译文应通顺，翻译可具有一定的灵活性，不必过于拘泥于原文的句子结构。Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward 2the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating he
3、art for something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was. “light! Give me light!” was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour. (p10)你是否曾有过这样的经历
4、-在海上航行遇上了大雾，周围一片白，好像着实把你关在一个黑暗的地方， 大船上的人又紧张又着急，一面用铅锤和测深绳探测深浅，一面向岸边慢慢驶去，你的心也怦怦直跳，生怕出事？我在开始接受教育之前，就像那条船，只是我没有罗盘、没有测深绳，也无法知道离海港有多远。 “光明！给我光明！”这就是发自我内心深处的无言的呼唤，也就是在那时候，爱的光芒照到了我的身上。二、二、 语言对比语言对比（一）代词英语和汉语在代词的使用上有很大的差别，英语代词用得多，汉语代词用得少，实词用得多。Without knowledge of science and technology, it is impossible to
5、build socialism.没有科技知识要建设社会主义是不可能的For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its rooms, its electric wring, its path and its garden.两周以来，他一直注意观察房子的情况，查看各个房间，留心电线的走向、通道和花园的布局。3在翻译的过程中，关于代词应注意以下几点在翻译的过程中，关于代词应注意以下几点：1、根据汉语习惯，前句出现一个主语，后句如仍同为一主语，就不必重复出现。英语中通常每句都有主语，因此人称代词作主语往往多次出现。He was
6、thin and haggard and he looked miserable.他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一副可怜相2. 英语中的主语是人称代词，表示泛指时，译成中文时，无需用主语。We live and we learn. 活到老，学到老。3. 英语中的宾语常用代词，而汉语中很少用，甚至不用。In fact, Hitlers “blitz” carried him so far, to the very gate of Leningrad by September, a city he was never to seize. 事实上，希特勒所进行的“闪电战”曾深入苏境，九月份已直逼列宁格勒-一座
7、他始终未能攻陷的城市。4. 汉译英时要在适当的地方增加代词，特别是物主代词。他将双手放进衣袋，然后耸了耸肩。He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.她滑雪时摔断了腿。She broke her leg when skiing.5. 英语可以先出代词，后出实词；汉语则相反。Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level
8、 voice told him who he was.6. 英语用代词来指船只时，可用 she、her. 4（二）形容词与副词英语中非常活跃的两类词。在翻译的过程中，关于这两类词应注意以下几点：1. 一种语言可用的搭配，不一定能用于另一种语言，因此在翻译时应注意这一点，可以把形容词译成副词作状语。I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. (p15) 当时我并不知道自己是在拼写一个
9、词，甚至不知道有所谓词，不过是像猴子一样用手指模仿而已。2.英汉两种语言都有一词多义的现象，形容词和副词也不例外。在翻译过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后就要善于选择和确定原句中形容词和副词的词义。可以根据上下文的联系以及词的搭配关系或句型来判断和确定形容词和副词在特定场合的具体词义。 The ambitious boy learned very quickly.Jogging every morning? Thats very ambitious, isnt it? 每天早上跑步？那是要求过高的，是不是？Her parents were intensely ambitious for her an
10、d her younger sister. 她的父母对她和她妹妹有着很高的期望。delicate china teacups 易碎的瓷茶杯 delicate diplomatic question 微妙的外资问题delicate features 清秀的五官 5delicate hands 纤细的双手 delicate food 美味的食物I knew exactly how she felt. 我完全清楚她的感受。Where exactly did you stay in England? 你究竟待在英国的什么地方？-You mean somebody in this room must b
11、e the murderer?-Exactly. 正是。3. 西方人喜欢抽象，中国人喜欢具体。因此在英译汉时，习惯把抽象的形容词或副词具体化。4. 有时形容词或副词汉译时可单独处理。In the days that followed I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. (p15)往后我就这样学着拼写，虽然我不理解意思，却也拼出了许多词，其中有.单元练习单元练习1.
12、It is never to late to learn.a. 将不会太晚才去学 b. 去学习是永远不会太晚的c. 活到老，学到老 d. 太晚了不能再学了2. You see, it takes so long to call so many children by name that Ive given them each a different whistle.a. 你看，要是一个一个挨着叫孩子的名字，得叫好半天，所以我就给了他们不同的哨子。B. 你看，要是一个一个挨着叫孩子的名字，得叫好半天，所以我就给了他6们不同的哨声。c. 你看，要是一个一个挨着叫孩子的名字，得叫好半天，所以我就用不
13、同的哨声来叫他们。d. 你看，这么多孩子，要是一个一个挨着叫名字，就得叫好半天，所以我就吹哨子，而且各有各的吹法。3. Secondly, we embarked on a reasoned policy to ensure steady economic growth, the modernization of industry, and a proper balance between public and private expenditure.a. 第二，我们采取了深思熟虑的政策，以保证经济的稳步发展、工业的现代化以及公私支出之间的适当平衡。b. 第二，我们采取了有理由的政策，以保证经
14、济的稳步发展、工业的现代化以及公私支出之间的适当平衡。c. 第二，我们采取了理智通达的政策，以保证经济的稳步发展、工业的现代化以及公私支出之间的适当平衡。d. 第二，我们采取了明事晓理的政策，以保证经济的稳步发展、工业的现代化以及公私支出之间的适当平衡。4. 一切文学家、艺术家只有联系群众，把自己当作群众踏实的代言人，他们的工作才有意义。a. No writers or artists can do any significant work unless they are closely linked with the masses, give expressions to their tho
15、ughts and feelings, and serve them as loyal spokesmen.b. All writers and artists only with masses, express masses and speak loyally for 7masses, their work can be significant.c. Only by being closely linked with masses, expressing their thoughts and feelings and serving them as loyal spokesmen can w
16、riters and artists do any significant work.d. Writers or artists cant do any significant work if they are not closely linked with masses, express them or serve them as loyal spokesmen.5. 昨晚她发高烧，一会儿热，一会儿冷，脸红得像抹了胭脂。a. Last night, she ran a fever, burning hot one moment and icy cold the next. Face as red as rouge.b. Last night, she ran a fever, sometimes hot and sometimes cold. Her face was as red as if she put some rouge on it.c. Last night, she ran a fev
