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1、浅论计算机网络中服务的概念浅论计算机网络中服务的概念摘要： 由系统管理员管理的结构化计算机环境和只有一台或几台孤立计算机组成的计算机环境的主要区别是服务。针对计算机网络中的服务概念进行了阐述。Abstract: by system administrators to manage structured computer environment, and only one or a few of isolated computer the major difference between computer environment is service. In view of the comput
2、er in the network service concept is expounded.关键词：计算机；网络；服务。Key words: computer; Network; Service.由系统管理员管理的结构化计算机环境和只有一台或几台孤立计算机组成的计算机环境的主要区别是服务。这种只有几台孤立计算机的典型环境是家庭和那些很小的非技术性的办公室，而典型的结构化计算机环境则是由技术人员操作大量的计算机，通过共享方便的通信、优化的资源等服务来互相联结在一起。当一台家用电脑通过互联网或通过 ISP 连接到因特网上， 他就是使用了 ISP 或其他人提供的服务才进入网络的。By system
3、 administrators to manage structured computer environment, and only one or a few of isolated computer the major difference between computer environment is service. Typical of http:/ http:/ are only a few isolated computer environment is family and those small non-technical office, and typical struct
4、ural computer environment is by technical personnel operating a large number of computer, through the sharing convenient communication, optimization of resources and other services to link together each other. When a home computer or via the Internet through an ISP to connect to the Internet, he is
5、to use the services provided by the ISP or others to enter the network.提供一个服务绝不仅仅是简单的把硬件和软件累加在一起，它包括了服务的可靠性、服务的标准化、以及对服务的监控、维护、技术支持等。只有在这几个方面都符合要求的服务才是真正的服务。Provide a service is not just a simple accumulation of hardware and software together, it includes the standardization of service reliability,
6、service, and monitoring of the service, maintenance, technical support, etc. Only in these aspects meet the requirements of the service is the real service.1 服务的基本问题。The fundamental problem of the 1 service.创建一个稳定、可靠的服务是一个系统管理员的重要工作。在进行这项工作时系统管理员必须考虑许多基本要素，其中最重要的就是在设计和开发的各个阶段都要考虑到用户的需求。要和用户进http:/ h
7、ttp:/ 去发现用户对服务的要求和预期，然后把其它的要求如管理要求等列一个清单，这样的清单只能让系统管理员团队的人看到。To create a stable, reliable service is an important work for a system administrator. System administrators must consider when doing so many basic elements, is one of the most important in the design and development of all stages should co
8、nsider the needs of users. Want to communicate with the user, to find the users service demands and expectations, then the other demands such as management, etc. Make a list, this list is only for system administrator team of people to see.服务应该建立在服务器级的机器上而且机器应该放在合适的环境中，作为服务器的机器应当具备适当的可靠性。服务和服务所依赖的机器
9、应该受到监控，一旦发生故障就发出警报或产生故障记录清单。Service level should be based on the server on the machine and the machine should be given the right environment, as the server machines shall meet the appropriate reliability. Services and services depend on the machine should be monitored once failure occurs, alarm or m
10、alfunction record list.作为服务一部分的机器和软件应当依赖那些建立在相同或更高标准上的主机和软件，一个服务的可靠性和它所依赖的服务链中最http:/ http:/ 就要逐渐转到用户的角度来进行进一步的测试和调试。Software as a service part of the machine and should rely on those based on host and the software on the same or higher standards, reliability of a service and it depends on the relia
11、bility of the most vulnerable part of the service chain is considerable. A service should not have to rely on those who are not part of the host. Once the service built and completed testing, will gradually turn to the users point of view for further testing and debugging.1.1 用户的要求。1.1 the users req
12、uirements.建立一个新服务应该从用户的要求开始，用户才是你建立服务的根本原因。如果建立的服务不合乎用户的需要，那就是在浪费精力。To create a new service should be started from the users requirements, the user is the root cause you establish service. If establish unsuited to the needs of the user service, that is a waste of energy.搜集用户的需求应该包括下面这些内容：他们想怎样使用这些新服
13、务、需要哪些功能、喜欢哪些功能、这些服务对他们有多重要，以及对于这些服务他们需要什么级别的可用性和技术支持。如果可http:/ http:/ user requirements should include the following content: how they want to use these new services, what, like what to need, how important are these services to them, and for the services they need what level of availability and tec
14、hnical support. If possible, let users to try out the service of the trial version. Dont let the user use those very troublesome or no system and project success. Try to calculate how much they use the service users, and they need to what kind of performance, and hope to get to the correct calculati
15、on.1.2 操作上的要求。1.2 operational requirements.对于系统管理员来说， 新服务的有些要求不是用户直接可见的。比如系统管理员要考虑到新服务的管理界面、是否可以与已有的服务协同操作，以及新服务是否能与核心服务如认证服务和目录服务等集成到一起。For system administrators, some of new service requirements is not directly visible to the user. Such as system administrators to consider to whether the new service management interface, can http:/ http:/ an existing service operation, and can new services and core services such as authentication service, direc
