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1、 OECD/OCDE 313 Adopted: 16 October 2007 OECD, (2007) You are free to use this material for personal, non-commercial purposes without seeking prior consent from OECD GUIDELINE FOR THE TESTING OF CHEMICALS Estimation of Emissions from Preservative - Treated Wood to the Environment: Laboratory Method f
2、or Wooden Commodities that are not Covered and are in Contact with Fresh Water or Seawater INTRODUCTION 1. The emissions from preservative treated wood to the environment need to be quantified to enable an environmental risk assessment of the treated wood. This Guideline describes a laboratory metho
3、d for the estimation of emissions from preservative treated wood in two situations where emissions could enter the environment: - Emissions from treated wood in contact with fresh water. Emissions from the surface of the treated wood could enter the water. - Emissions from treated wood in contact wi
4、th seawater. Emissions from the surface of the treated wood could enter the seawater. 2. This Guideline is intended for testing the emissions from wood and wooden commodities that are not covered and are in contact with fresh water or seawater. Use Classes are used internationally and categorise the
5、 biological hazard to which the treated commodity will be subjected. Use Classes also define the situation in which the treated commodity is used and determine the environmental compartments (air, water, soil) which are potentially at risk from the preservative treated wood. 3. The method is a labor
6、atory procedure for obtaining samples (emissate) from water used to immerse treated wood, at increasing time intervals after exposure. The quantity of emissions in the emissate is related to the surface area of the wood and the length of exposure, to estimate a flux in mg/m2/day. The flux (leaching
7、rate) after increasing periods of exposure can thus be estimated. 4. The quantity of emissions can be used in an environmental risk assessment of the treated wood. INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS 5. The mechanism of leaching at the wood surface by fresh water is not assumed to be identical in nature and seve
8、rity to leaching from a wood surface by seawater. Thus, for wood preservative products or formulations used to treat wood used in seawater environs, a wood leaching study for seawater is necessary. 6. The wood, in the case of wood treated with a wood preservative, should be representative of commerc
9、ially used wood. It should be treated in accordance with the preservative manufacturers instructions and in compliance with appropriate standards and specifications. The parameters for the post treatment conditioning of the wood prior to the commencement of the test should be stated. the OECD, provi
10、ded the source is duly mentioned. Any commercial use of this material is subject to written permission from the OECD. 313 OECD/OCDE 7. The wood samples used should be representative of the commodities used (e.g., with regard to species, density and other characteristics). 8. The test can be applied
11、to wood using a penetrating process or superficial application or to treated wood which has an additional mandatory surface treatment (e.g., paint that is applied as a requirement for commercial use). 9. The composition, amount, pH and the physical form of water is important in determining the quant
12、ity, content and nature of emissions from wood. PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 10. Preservative treated wood test specimens are immersed in water. The water (emissate) is collected and chemically analyzed multiple times over the exposure period sufficient to perform statistical calculations. Emission rates
13、 in mg/m2/day are calculated from analytical results. The sampling periods should be recorded. Tests with untreated samples can be discontinued if there is no background detected in the first three data points. 11. The inclusion of untreated wood specimens allows for the determination of background
14、levels for emissates from wood other than the preservative used. QUALITY CRITERIA Accuracy 12. The accuracy of the method to estimate emission depends upon the test specimens being representative of commercially treated wood, how representative the water is of real water and how the exposure regime
15、is representative of natural conditions. 13. The accuracy, precision and repeatability of the analytical method should be determined before conducting the test. Reproducibility 14. Three water samples are collected and analyzed and the mean value is taken as the emission value. The reproducibility o
16、f the results within one laboratory and between different laboratories depends upon the immersion regime and the wood used as test specimens. Acceptable Range of Results 15. A range of results from this test where the upper and lower values differ by less than one order of magnitude is acceptable. TEST CONDITIONS Water 16. Freshwater leaching scenarios: Deionised water (e.g., ASTM D 1193 Type II) is recommended for use in the leaching
