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1、第 1 页 共 9 页时态语态专题讲解英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。时间主要有四个主要部分，即现在、过去、将来和过去将来。动作方面也有四种，即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。中学常见的时态有以下几种：时态构成用法一般 现在时主语动词(单数第三人称 s 或 es)表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或 客观事实等现在 进行时主语 am (is，are)现在分 词表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正 在进行的动作现在 将来时(1)主语will(shall)动词原形 (2)主语 am (is, are) going t
2、o 动词原形表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在 的状态现在 完成时主语have (has)过去分词(1)动作发生于过去，一直持续到现在， 可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用。(2) 动作发生于过去，已经完成，但这个动 作对现在有影响，一般没有明显的时间 状语，主要通过上下文来理解。时态构成用法一般 过去时主语动词的过去式表示过去某时发生动作(包括过去习惯性的 动作)或存在的状态过去 进行时主语 was (were)现在 分词表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作过去 将来时主语 would 动词原形表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或 存在的状态过去 完成时主语 had 过去分词既可以表示在过去某一个时
3、间或动作之前就 发生或完成的动作，也可表示过去发生的某 一动作一直持续到过去的另一个时间或动作。现在 完成 进行时主语have (has) been 现在分词现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一 直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动作可能刚 刚终止，也可能仍在进行。时态1.一般现在时与现在进行时的用法比较第 2 页 共 9 页一般现在时主要表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等；而现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作。His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to t
4、he public.Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies his boss.注意：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接用将来时态。If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.2一般将来时和过去将来时一般将来时主要用于表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态；过去将来时主要用于表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。Will
5、those teaching the children from abroad come to the headmasters office?He told me if I didnt follow his advice, something bad would happen.注意：“will (shall) do”和“be going to do” 都可表示意图。如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果是说话时临时决定的，则用 will。I am going to spend my holiday on Hainan Island this winter.I am sorr
6、y. I forgot to post the letter for you.Thats all right. I will post it myself.3一般过去时和现在完成时的用法比较一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)或存在的状态，和现在没有任何关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用；而现在完成时有两种用法：(1)动作发生于过去，一直持续到现在，可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用。(2)动作发生于过去，已经完成，但这个动作对现在有影响，一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。We volunteered to collect money to help the vi
7、ctims of the earthquake.He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.4一般过去时和过去进行时的用法比较一般过去时表示动作已经完成或在某一时间段内发生了某事；而过去进行时则表示动作的持续性，侧重动作持续的长度。For the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move to a warm climate. 第 3 页 共 9 页I hear he was writing a book l
8、ast year, but I dont know whether he has finished it.5一般过去时和过去完成时的用法比较过去完成时既可以表示在过去某一个时间或动作之前就发生或完成的动作，也可表示过去发生的某一动作一直持续到过去的另一个时间或动作。它和过去时的区别主要在于时间的参照点上。He began to learn English when he was fifteen.The little girl cried her heart out because she had lost her toy bear.6现在完成时和过去完成时的用法区别现在完成时和过去完成时都可和
9、表示一段时间的状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在；而过去完成时表示的是延续到过去某个时间。He had learned more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.Many people have suffered much from the endless increasing price.7现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍在进行。Where have you been? We have been lo
10、oking for you everywhere.被动语态的构成被动语态的构成（1）一般现在时 构成：助动词 am/ is/are + 动词的过去分词 例如：This kind of car is made in Shanghai.English is spoken in many countries. (2)一般过去时 构成：助动词 was/were + 动词的过去分词 例如：The bridge was built in 1992.Was this novel written by his father? (3)一般将来时 构成：will be 或 be going to + be + 动
11、词的过去分词 例如：These books are going to be posted tomorrow.The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital. (4)现在完成时 构成：助动词 have/has + been + 动词的过去分词 例如：Has his work been finished?We havent been invited to the party. (5)现在进行时 构成：be + being + 动词的过去分词第 4 页 共 9 页例如：A new bridge is being built in my home
12、town.The problem is being discussed by the students. (6) 过去将来时 构成：would + be+ 动词的过去分词 (7) 过去完成时 构成： had + been + 动词的过去分词（8） 带有情态动词的被动语态 构成：情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词 例如：Can this walkman be repaired here? Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.第 5 页 共 9 页巩固练习1. Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A.
13、 made B. is making C. was making D. makes 2. I dont really work here. I _ until the secretary arrives. A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out3. Can I join the club, Dad?You can when you _ a bit older.A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got4.
14、How long _ each other before they _ married?For about a yearA. have they known; get B. did they know; were going to getC. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got 5. I need one more stamp before my collection _ .A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 6. Your
15、 phone number again? I _ quite catch it.A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant7. Have you moved into the new house?Not yet, the rooms _.A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting8. Peter, why didnt you come yesterday?I _, but I had an unexpected visitor.A. had B. would C.
16、 was going to D. did 9. If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now on.A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have toC. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to 10. Who is Jerry Cooper? _? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A.
