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1、1A Comparative Study of Verbal Communication and Nonverbal Communication in Cross-cultural Communication IntroductionCommunication is an indispensable part in peoples activities. It falls into two categories, namely, verbal communication and nonverbal communication. When it comes to communication, p
2、eople tend to view it as verbal communication. Yet besides the language, non-language communication plays a dispensable role in peoples daily life. Both depend on each other. .Verbal communication In general, verbal communication means that people communicate with each other by means of language. Th
3、rough verbal communication, people will learn who they are, and what the world around them is like. Furthermore, verbal communication expresses ones thought and feelings to others, and to satisfy ones emotional and material needs. In humans daily life, communication is something that they do every d
4、ay. Verbal communication is humans main communicative form, in which language is its communicative tool. .Nonverbal communicationIn a broad sense, nonverbal communication refers to all communicative means except verbal communication. According to外语界，上海外国语主办，nonverbal communication may divide into tw
5、o categories: non-language information sent by body like body language, facial expression, eye contact, physical touch, smell and paralanguage, and nonverbal information connected to environment such as time, space and silence. In a narrow prospect, definitions of nonverbal communication differ from
6、 one expert to another. Nonverbal communication may convey richer information than that of verbal communication. Sometimes, it can send messages independently, and in many situations it is employed in combination with verbal actions to transmit meanings.Superiorities of nonverbal communication4.1 Co
7、mparison of verbal and nonverbal communication In social communication, verbal and nonverbal communication are not absolutely separate each other. Both are indispensable and interactive. Verbal communication sends information only in a waylanguage. Such information may be repeated, explained, comple
8、mented and reinforced with the accompaniment of 2nonverbal behaviors like tone of voices, smiling, nodding, eye movement, facial expression, etc. During peoples face- to -face activities, verbal communication is a principle communicative means, but once verbal and nonverbal communication happen to c
9、onflict, nonverbal messages are more powerful in that it may reflect ones true thinking and feelings. Why is nonverbal communication more forceful than verbal communication when they conflict? The real value of these two kinds of communications lies in their differences. 4.1.1 One-way information vs
10、. Multiple-way messagesVerbal communication, whose communicative tool is only language, conveys information with the use of verbal messages such as words, sentences and paragraphs. Whether sending comprehensive information that what counterpart needs, it depends on his or her reaction. Unlike verbal
11、 communication that sends information in a single waylanguage, nonverbal communication may provide various ways of learning about others such as other eyes movement, facial expression, postures, gestures and so on. Just as Chinese saying: to read ones faces. Then, verbal communication conveys inform
12、ation with the one- way use of language. However, in fact, language may hardly convey absolutely the senders thought and feelings. Sometimes, there is no need to convey ones minds and emotions. Whats more, only with the use of language can they not be conveyed. Whereas, non-language information sent
13、 by body and nonverbal messages connected to environment may tell others. Through some nonverbal cues, others are able to understand the senders verbal information in the whole .It naturally leads to the fact that verbal communication sends information in a single way, while nonverbal communication
14、may explain and complement the messages that language can not convey or impossibly convey through various ways.4.1.2 Direct vs. Indirect Verbal communication directly sends information through language, while nonverbal communication indirectly conveys messages through some non-language cues such as
15、body languages, physical touch, spatial use and so on .When communicating through human language, people receive direct information. Then, in a conversation, the topic, the content, the direction and the purpose are obvious. Communicators are able to directly gain necessary information and they will
16、 reach an agreeable idea. Nonverbal communication, however, may indirectly bring a great variety of messages. Although nonverbal communication differs in different cultures, some basic emotions reflected by behaviors such as smiling, frowning, laughing and crying have common meanings in human communication. A smile signifies happiness, greeting, and welcome; Frown may display disagreement, unhappiness, discouragement
