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1、英英语语五大句型：五大句型：主 + 谓（不及物动词） S+V eg The birds are flying 主 + 谓（及物动词）宾 S+V +O eg. Dogs like bones 主 + 谓（及物动词）宾+宾补 S+V +O +OC He makes me laugh . 主 + 谓（及物动词）直接宾+ 间接宾 S+V +DO +IO eg Mum bought me a book 主 + 谓（联系动词)+表语 S+V +P eg The flower looks beautiful英英语语句子成分句子成分讲讲解解一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun r
2、ises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It 形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语（predicate）: 谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态
3、动词主要动词）构成谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。说明主语的动作、状态和特征 1由简单的动词构成。 (1). What happened? 发生了什么事？ (2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。 (3). The plane took off at ten oclock. 飞机是十点起飞的。 2由动词短语构成的谓语。 (1). I am reading. 我在看书。 (2). Whats been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着？ (3).
4、 You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。 We study English. He is asleep.三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 可以作表语的词有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。 1The wedding was that Sunday. 婚礼是在那个星期天举行的。 （名词） 2So thats that. 就是这样。 （代词） 3We are seven. 我们一共 7 人。 （数词） 4Are you busy? 你有空吗？（形容词） 5Are yo
5、u there? 你在听吗？（电话用语） （副词） Is anybody in? 里面有人吗？ （副词） 6All I could do was to wait. 我只能等待。 （不定式） My answer to his threat（威胁） was to hit him on the nose. 我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去。 （不定式） 7Complimenting（赞美，祝贺） is lying. 恭维就是说谎。 （动名词） Is that asking so much? 这是要的高了吗？（动名词） 8I was so much surprised at it. 我对此事感到很惊
6、讶。 （过分） Im very pleased with what he has done. 我对他所做的很满意。 （过分） 9She is in good health. 她很健康。 （介词短语） The show is from seven till ten. 演出时间为 7 点至 10 点。 （介词短语） 10Is that why you were angry? 这就是你发怒的原因吗？（从句） 11This is where I first met her. 这就是我初次与她会面的地方。 （从句） 补充： 能做系动词的实义动词： come , go , run, turn ,get ,
7、 become , keep , stay , fell，sound ,smell , look , taste （感观动词） seem, appear (似乎，好像) 例如： 1Our dream has come true. 我的梦想实现了。 （Come 后常加 easy ,loose natural 等） 2. He fell sick. 他病了。 Keep fit.保重。 Keep 作为系动词还常接 quiet ，calm ，cool， well， warm ，silent，clean，dry 3The well ran dry. 这口井干枯了。 （short , loose , wi
8、ld , cold 等） 4A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is. 一个瘦个子似乎比他的实际高度要高些。三、宾语： 宾语（object）在句中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。如： Our team beat all the others. 我们的球队打败了所有其他球队。 可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从 句等。 1Do you fancy a drink? 你想喝一杯吗？（名词） 2They wont hurt us. 他们不会伤害我们。 （
9、代词） 3If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5 加 5 等于 10。 （数词） 。 4I shall do my possible. 我将尽力而为。 （名词化形容词） 5He left there last week. 他上个星期离开了那里。 （副词） 6Does she really mean to leave home? 她真的要离开家吗？（不定式） 7He never did the unexpected(想不到的，意外的). 他从不做使人感到意外的事。 （名词化的分词） 8Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗？（从句
10、） 扩展： 双宾语间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) 常用的有：answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand 等， I have found him a place. 我给他找到了一个职位。 He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monit
11、or. (名词)We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. (名)We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. (副词) Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带 to 不定式)Dont keep the lights burning. (现在分词) Ill have my bike repaired. (过去分词)五、主补：对主语的补充。
12、 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 形容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前，后有逗号。 Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困，就去睡了。 六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词) We belong to the third world. (数
13、词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词) The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Cla2. (现在分词) The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词) I have an idea to do it well. (不定式) You should d
14、o everything that I do. (定语从句)七、状语：用来修饰 v., adj., adv., or 句子 副词最常用作状语，位置比较灵活，可置句末、句首和句中。 He speaks the language badly but read it well. 这种语言，他讲得不好，但阅读能力很强。 Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors. 当我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁上。 状语按用途来分，可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等 （1） 。时间状语，多位于句末和句首，有时亦可置于句
15、中 Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow? In China now leads the world. (2).地点状语，多置于句末，有时也位于句首和句中。 There are plenty of fish in the sea. She kissed her mother on the platform(月台). （3） 。原因状语，包括表理由的状语，多置于句末，有时亦可置于句首。 Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job. I eat potatoes because I like them. (4). 结果状
16、语，多由不定式、分词和从句表示，常位于句末。 She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway. She spoke so softly that I couldnt hear what she said. (5). 目的状语，多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示，常位于句末，强调时可以置于句首。He ran for shelter(隐蔽处).他跑去避雨。 In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder. (6). 条件状语。多由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。 If he were to come, what should we say to him? (7).
