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1、 对省略现象的考查已成为近年来英语高考试题中的常考点。因为省略这种语法手段既可避免重复，突出新 的信息，又能使上下文更紧密地连接起来。这也正符合现代生活快节奏的需要。因此，在英语口语中，只要不 损害结构和引起歧义，能省略的地方就尽可能省略。但有时省略的成分，在句中占有相当的份量，能表达一定的信息，这无疑就增加了试题的难度。因此在解 题时，除了应特别注意进行语境分析，从上文或上、下文中找出相关的省略成份外，还要对常用的省略知识有 所了解，从而做到有的放矢，找出解题的突破口。下面就该问题作一分析。一、复合句中的省略现象复合句中的省略现象通常出现在状语从句中。一）在含有比较结构的复合句中，常在 as
2、 或 than 引导的分句中省略某些与主句相同的成分或省略在特定上 下文或特定情景中某些不言而喻的成分；或整个 as/than 从句。如：1.The pianos in the other shop will be_, but_.(MET90)A.cheaper;not as betterB.more cheap; not as betterC.cheaper; not as goodD.more cheap; not as good本题应选 C。分别为 cheaper than those in this shop 和 they are not as good as those in thi
3、s s hop 的省略。2.John plays football_,if not better than, David.(NMET94)A.as well B.as well asC.so well D.so well as本题应选 B。根据上下文可看出 if not better than 为 if John doesnt play football better than David(plays football) 的省略。那么，排除这个条件的话，John 和 David 就踢得一样好了。 故要用副词 well 的同级比较的肯定式。3.How beautifully she sings!
4、 Ive never heard _ .(NMET96)A.the better voice B.a good voiceC.the best voice D.a better voice本题应选 D。从整个语境来分析，后句中的比较状语从句 than hers 被省略掉了。故此题应选比较级。二）如果复合句中的时间、条件、原因状语从句用了主语be分词结构，且主、从句主语一致时，可省 略从句的连接词、主语和 be 助动词，只保留分词和其它成分。如：4._in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.(NMET96)A.Losing B
5、.Having lostC.Lost D.To lose本题应选 C。Lost in thought 为 As he was lost in thought 之省略。5._more attention, the trees could have grown better.(MET90)A.Given B.To giveC.Giving D.Having given本题应选 A。Given more attention 为 If they were given more attention 之省略。三）在含有定语从句的复合句中，如果定语从句用了进行时态或被动语态，且关系代词在从句中作主语时 ，可
6、省略关系代词和助动词。只保留分词或其它成分。如：6.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.(NMET97)A.first playing B.to be first playedC.first played D.to be first playing本题应选 C。first played 为 which was first played 之省略。7.Do you know the boy_ under the big tree? (MET89)A. lay B.lain C.layin
7、g D.lying本题应选 D。lying 为 who is lying 之省略。8.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.(MET90)A.invited B.to inviteC.being invited D.have been invited本题应选 A。invited 为 who were invited 之省略。9.The first textbooks_for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 1 6th century.A.h
8、aving written B.to be writtenC.being written D.written(NMET94)本题应选 D。written 为 that were written 之省略。四）如复合句中从句的句尾和主句相重复的话，从句的句尾可省略掉（括号中的内容为省略掉的成分）。 如：10.Li Lei will play football if Mike will (play football).11.Mary is going to sweep the floor because/though Alice wont(sweep the floor).五）在复合句中，如果两个并
9、列的状语从句只是从属连词不同，其它相同时，则可省略一个状语从句，而 把两个从属连词连接起来（括号中的内容为省略的成分）。如：12.They will be arriving either before (the film begins)or after the film begins.六）在含有宾语从句的复合句中，如有两个并列的 that 从句的主动词及随带成份（宾语、表语、状语等） 一样时，可将第二个 that 从句的主动词及随带成份省略。两个并列的 that 从句，如果主语相同，而谓语不同， 可把第二个 that 从句的连词和主语一齐省略。两个并列的从句如连词不同而其它成份相同，可省略第一
10、分句和 第二分句相同的部分，只把两个连词连接起来（括号内容为省略的成分）。如：13.I know Mary will sing in the party but John wont(sing in the party).14.Tell him that Ill call to see him and (that Ill) have supper with him.15.I dont know when (he was born) and where he was born.二、在回答一般疑问句的简略答语中；或回答用陈述句，祈使句表示要求、命令的简略答语中。 常用Yes /No主语助动词， 而省
11、略主动词或其它成份。但助动词应和原句的助动词和时间概念须保持相应的一致； 或根据句意选择对特殊问句的答语时，常常省略和问句相重复的部分，只保留新信息部分。如：1.-Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?-I _ ,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET97)A.had B.wouldC.was going to D.did本题选 C。据句意，是表示昨天打算要来。 was going to 后省略了 come yesterday。2.-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of cours
12、e you _ . (NMET92)A.might B.will C.can D.should本题选 C。could 在句中表示委婉语气，而不是过去时，答语中应用 can；can 后省略了 borrow my dictionary。3.-Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.-_.(NMET94)A.I dont B.I wontC.I cant D.I havent本题选 B。因祈使句含有未来的意味，再加上有 tomorrow 的限制，因而应用 I wont 回答。I wont 后省略 了 forget to go to your
13、 birthday party tomorrow。4.-How long has this bookshop been in business?-_ 1982.(NMET94)A.After B.In C.From D.Since本题选 D。根据句意和结构， 该题承前省略了主语、 谓语 It has been in business 等； 只保留了新信 息（时间状语）部分； 再由 How long 对时间段提问的限制，只能选 Since。三、在回答问句及其它形式的答语中，如有和上文重复的不定式时，在答语中只保留其不定式符号to，而 把动词和其它部分省略。如：1.-Would you like
14、to come to dinner tonight?-Id like to,_Im too busy. (NMET94)A.and B.so C.as D.but本题应选 D。据上文， 下文中的 Id like to 后省略了 come to dinner tonight，这样很容易看出逗号 前后信息相反，故选 but。2.-Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?-Not at all,_.(NMET95)A.Ive no time B.Id rather notC.Id like it D.Id
15、 be happy to本题应选 D。据 Not at all 的限制，A、B 不合题意。C 搭配错， 因d like 后应跟不定式。Id be happy to 后省略了 look after your cat。3.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_.(NMET95)A.not to B.not to doC.not do it D.do not to本题选 A。not to 后省略了和上文相重复的 ride his bicycle in the street。四、英语中的反意疑
16、问句。反意疑问句常用一个肯定的陈述句，再加上一个只保留助动词和主语的简略问 句的否定形式；或一个否定的陈述句，再加上一个简略疑问句的肯定形式；而其它成分则被省略。祈使句的反 意问句形式，不管祈使句是肯定的还是否定的，除了在 Lets.后加简略的疑问句 shall we外，其余的都在其 后加 will you。如：1.Its a fine day. Lets go fishing,_?A.wont we B.will weC.dont we D.shall we(MET90)本题选 D。2.Be sure to write to us, _?(NMET93)A.will you B.arent youC.can you D.mustnt you本题选 A
