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1、英语：Unit 1Getting along with others教案-Grammar（译林牛津版必修 5）. 不定式句法功能1. 作主语：The cat said, “To take roller coaster” is terrible. 不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词 it 作形式主语。 The cat said, “Its terrible to take roller coaster.”How long did it take you to take roller coaster?How terribl
2、e it is to take roller coaster?不定式作主语常见句型：a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult) + 不定式b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + 不定式eg. Its my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School.c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience) + 不定式e
3、g. It requires patience to be a good teacher.2. 作表语：当句子的主语是 aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose 等或者主语是 what 引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。eg. Our most important task now is to make a plan.注：作表语的不定式都带 to，但当主语部分有实义动词 do 时，to 可以省略。eg. The only thing we can do now
4、 is wait and see.3.作宾语 The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!”.a) 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish 等2005 年天津卷 12 题：I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the ma
5、nagers plan is unfair.A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词 it 作形式宾语，常用动词有 feel, think, find, believe, consider, make 等。The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.b) 不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如 but, except 等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带 to，如果 but 或 ex
6、cept 所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词 do, does, did 时，通常省略 to。Eg. We have no choice but to wait.Cf. We can do nothing but wait.4. 宾语补足语在 SVOC 句型中，许多动词都可以按不定式作宾语补足语。a) 通常作宾语补语的不定式要带 to，常用于以下动词之后：ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg 等You should get them to
7、help you.但在谓语动词 believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove 等后面跟 to be作宾补，不跟 to doeg. They believe him to be honest.b) 以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带 to一些表示“致使”意义的动词，如：let, have, make 等一些表示感觉的动词，如：hear, feel, see, watch, notice 等Dont let the children trouble you.I heard someone open the door.但
8、当这两类动词为被动态时，不定式就成了主补。作主补的不定式必须加上 toHis father made him go to bed early.He was made to go to bed early by his father.5. 作定语不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有 attempt, decision, promise, plan 等eg. He hasnt kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.常与不定式搭配的形容词，其
9、同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有 ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness 等eg. His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear.序数词形容词最高级或被 only, last, next 等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语：She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.Tips: 不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。Eg. Hes
10、always the first to come and the last to leave. 主谓关系Ive no time to listen to your excuse. 同位关系She has a meeting to attend. （动宾关系=attend a meeting）Theres nothing to worry about. (动宾关系=worry about nothing)6. 作状语不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。to, in order to , so as to (不能放在句首)作目的状语2005 年辽宁卷 22 题：All these gi
11、fts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas.A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving在 soas to, such.as to, only to 结构中不定式作结果状语，其中 only to用于表示意想不到的结果。He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.enough to, tooto 结构eg.
12、 The boy isnt old enough to go to school.= The boy is too young to go to school.形容词（happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever 等）+ 不定式结构eg. Im glad to meet you.The question is different to answer.He is hard to get along with.7. 作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句
13、子进行解释，如 to be frank（坦白地说） ，to be sure（确实）等。Eg. To tell you the truth, I hate you.8. 作同位语eg. The order to start the general attack soon came.不定式的复合结构，以 it 为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构，如果其前的形容词是指行为的性质就用：for sb. to do sth.这种复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。It is necessary for me to learn English well.如果该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为
14、的人，则用 of sb. to do sth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly 等。eg. Its very kind of you to come to see me.连接代（副）词+不定式（包括 whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, 不包括 why） ，在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在诸如 tell, know, show, de
15、cide, learn, wonder, explain 等动词后作宾、主语或表语。Eg. No one can tell me where to find John.When to the exam is still unknown.The problem is how to get enough money.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式不定式的进行式由 to be + V-ing 构成，用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。Eg. Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in.不定
16、式完成式由 to have + V-ed 构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。Eg. 2005 年江苏卷 No.25- Is Bob still performing?- Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been D. to be left答案是 A不定式的被动式分为一般式被动 to be V-ing 和完成式被动 to have been V-ed。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。Eg. It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.The book is said to have been translated int
