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1、1阅读理解专项复习阅读理解专项复习 一、一、 英语考试大纲英语考试大纲要求要求 1、理解主旨和要义； 2、理解文中具体信息； 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义； 4、做出简单判断和推理； 5、理解文章的基本结构； 6、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 (一).主旨大意主旨大意 加工与浓缩信息的能力标题类常见的题型: 1.The best title/ headline for this passage might be_. 2.The text (passage) could be entitled . 3.What is the best title for the passage? 4.Which
2、 of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 大意类常见题型 1. This passage chiefly deals with_. 2. Whats the topic of the article? 3. What is the subject discussed in the text? 4. With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned? 目的主旨大意常见题型 The authors main purpose in writing the passag
3、e is_. The passage is meant to _ The purpose of this article is _ 主题句呈现的形式 A. 文首 提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见 的演绎法方式。 Sample 1The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed panda
4、s are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops. Sample 2 Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resour
5、ces too quickly and at the same time we are polluting 2our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive. Sample 3 Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick
6、 and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may b
7、ecome normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.Q:What is the topic of the text? A. Young Thieves. B. An Unusual Illness. C. Reasons for Stealing D. A Normal Childs Actions.
8、 B. 文尾 在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中 最常见的归纳法写作方式。 Sample 4 Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he ca
9、n play quickly, accurately(精确), without thinking. Tennis players call that “ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity (自如). Question: The first paragraph tells us _. A. what automaticity is B. how accuracy is acquired (获得) C. how a child learns to walk D. how an athlete is trained. Samp
10、le 5 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.3C 文中 通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在
11、文 中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展。 Sample 6 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with
12、 a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out. D. 无主题句 即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必 须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。 Sample 7 Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his gradu
13、ation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How Joshua Bingham became a law
14、yer. B. Bingham is a diligent student. C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education. Sample 8 You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern chang
15、es. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health. They claim that without dream, people would go crazy. Question: What does the passage mainly tells? A. How people stay healthy B How sleep is necessary C. Why dreams are important D. When people remember their dreams （二）推理判断题和作者态度观点题：（二）推理判断题和作者态度观点题： 技巧技巧：找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感4情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。 注意：不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点注意：不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点 解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。 题干形式：题干形式： (1) It can be inferred from the text that _. (2) From the text we know that _
