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1、Lesson Twenty-Five 第 25 课 Yarn Winding ( 1 ) 络纱Yarns as manufactured and packaged are not in the optimum condition to be used to form fabrics. After yarn formation, both spun and continuous filament yarns are not immediately usable in fabric forming systems. Package size, build and other factors mak
2、e it necessary for the yarn to be further processed to prepare it to be handled efficiently during fabric formation. 生产并卷装好的纱线并没有处在用于生产织物的最佳状态，纱线形成后， 短纤纱和长丝都不能立即用于织物编织系统。卷装的尺寸大小、形状和其他因 素让纱线进行进一步加工以便在织造过程中高效传送是有必要的。For weaving and warp knitting, many yarns are presented simultaneously in the form of
3、a warp sheet. These yarns are taken from packages called beams. Shuttle looms need a ling yarn package, or quill, which fits in the shuttle; while shuttleless looms and weft knitting machines use yarn from large packages called cheeses or cones.对机织和经编来说，许多纱线以片纱形式同时排列在一起。这些纱线退 绕的筒子叫织轴。梭织机需要一个特殊的适合于梭子
4、的纬纱筒子或纬管，而无 梭织机和纬编机所用纱线退绕的大筒子叫扁柱形筒子或圆锥形筒子。 From the above it can be seen that the yarn, packaged as it comes from spinning, is virtually use less. It must be repackaged to meet the particular needs and demands of the fabric forming system in which it is to be used. This, in fact, is one of the funct
5、ions of yarn preparation, to put the yarn on a suitable package for a particular fabric forming system. 从上文可知，从细纱机纱下机后卷装成形的纱线几乎是没有用的。它必须 重新进行卷绕以满足编织系统的要求。这其实是纱线准备的一个功用，就是使 纱线以合适的卷装适应于特殊的编织系统。The first step in yarn preparation for both knitting and weaving is winding.对机织和经编来说，纱线准备的第一步是络纱。The reasons
6、for winding yarn are to produce a package which is suitable for further processing, and to inspect and clear (remove thick and thin spots) the yarn. To perform the above tasks a winder is divided into three principal zones: the unwinding zone, the tension and clearing zone, and the winding zone. To
7、rewind the yarn on a new package, it must first be removed from the old package. This is accomplished in the unwinding zone. This zone merely consists of a creel, which holds the Old package in an optimum position for unwinding.络纱是为了形成一个适合于进一步加工的卷装，检查并清除纱线粗节和细节。为完成以上任务，一个络纱机可分为三个主要工作区域：退绕区、 张力和清纱区、络
8、纱区。 为将纱线重新卷绕成新的卷装，必须将其从旧的筒 子上退绕。这个工序在退绕区完成。这个区只是由一个纱架组成，这个纱架用 于支持纱筒并使之处在利于退绕的位置。In side withdrawal, the spool must rotate in order for the yarn to be removed. The advantage of this system is that the yarn does not rotate upon withdrawal and therefore the yarn twist remains constant. Its disadvantage
9、 is that the spool must rotate. At high winding speeds, due to inertia, the rotation of the spool may lead to tension variations in the yarn. Furthermore, provision must be made to stop the spool if, for any reason, the winder stops. If this is not done the rotational momentum of the spool will caus
10、e it to remain in motion allowing yarn to be unwound without being taken up. Also, upon start-up, higher tensions are developed because the winder must overcome spool inertia. 侧向退绕中，筒子必须转动，以便于纱线退绕。这种退绕方式的优点是， 退绕过程中纱线不旋转，所以纱线捻度保持不变。缺点是，筒子必须转动。高 速络筒时，由于惯性，筒子的转动会导致纱线上的张力波动。另外，如果因某 些原因，络筒机停机时必须有使筒子停止运动的
11、装置。如果没有这样的装置， 筒子的转动惯量会使它保持转动，纱线退绕而未被卷绕。而且，一旦启动，因 为络筒机要克服转动惯量，会产生更大的张力。In the over-end withdrawal method, the package need not be rotated as the yarn is pulled over the end of the package. This method is the simplest and most common method of yarn withdrawal. There are, however, two factors which mus
12、t be taken into account when this method of withdrawal .The first of these factors is known as ballooning. As the yarn is unwound from the package a high speed, centrifugal forces cause it to follow a curved path. As the yarn rotates, it gives the illusion of a balloon above the package. This balloo
13、ning leads to uneven tensions being produced in the yarn which may or may not alter some of the particular properties of the yarn.轴向退绕中，纱线从筒子一端退绕时，筒子不必转动。这种退绕方法最 简单也最常用，但当使用这种方法退绕时有两个因素必须考虑。第一个因素是气圈。当纱线以高速从筒子上退绕下来时，离心力使其按 弯曲路径行进。当纱线旋转时，它会在筒子上显示一个圈状影像。气圈导致络 纱时的张力不匀，从而可能会改变纱线的特定性能。The second factor fo
14、r consideration is that for each time one complete wrap of yarn is removed from tide supply package the twist in that length changes by one turn. For most yams this change is insignificant and may be ignored. However, some fabrics are constructed using flat yarns of metal, polymers or rubber. In the
15、se cases the yarn must remain flat and even one turn of twist is unacceptable. These yarns can not be unwound using the over-end method and the side method must be used. 第二个要考虑的因素是，每次一根完整的经纱从供纱筒退绕下来时，在这 段纱线上捻度会增加或减少一捻。对大多数纱线来说，这种改变不重要，可以 忽略。但是一些用金属、聚合物或橡胶的扁平长丝织成的织物，纱线必须保持 扁平状即使只有一个捻度变化也不行。这些纱线不能用轴向退
16、绕方法退绕，而 只能用侧向退绕法。The next zone is the tension and clearing zone. It is in this zone that the yarn receives the proper tension to provide an acceptable package density and build for further processing. This zone consists of a tension device, a device to detect thick spots, or slubs, in the yarn and a stop motion which causes the winding to stop in the case of yam break or the depletion of a supply package. The yarn is directed into this zon
