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1、2016年考研英语阅读新题型最新模拟题原题Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st cen
2、tury, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we can even create entirely new brain cells that can jump our t
3、rains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. 41_All of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware, says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind”. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, pr
4、ocedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. 42_The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. 43_ This emphasis clearly leads to ordinary performance. On the
5、contrary, knowing what youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.44_ Figure out what has worked for you when youve learned in the past, and you can draw your own map for developing additional skills and behaviors for the future. Ms. Ryan says, “If you have a pathway to learning, use
6、 it because thats going to be easier than creating an entirely new pathway in your brain.”Ms. Ryan and Ms. Markova have found what they call three zones of existence: comfort, stretch and stress. Comfort is the realm of existing habit. Stress occurs when a challenge is so far beyond current experien
7、ce as to be overwhelming. Its that stretch zone in the middle activities that feel a bit awkward and unfamiliar where true change occurs.Getting into the stretch zone is good for you, according to Ms. Ryan. It helps keep your brain healthy. It turns out that unless we continue to learn new things, w
8、hich challenges our brains to create new pathways, they literally begin to weaken, which may result in brain diseases. She recommends practicing a technique called kaizen, which calls for tiny, continuous improvements.45_ That can be fatal in business, particularly for executives who surround themse
9、lves with like-thinkers. If seniority and promotion are based on similarity to those at the top, chances are strong that the company lacks intellectual diversity.A This is where developing new habits comes in. If youre an analytical or procedural thinker, you learn in different ways than someone who
10、 is inherently innovative or collaborative.B Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try the more we step outside our comfort zone the more inherently creative we b
11、ecome, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.C After the confusion, the brain begins organizing the new input, ultimately creating new synaptic connections if the process is repeated enough.D “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system that anyone can do anything,” explains M
12、. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will.”E But if, during creation of that new habit, the “Great Decider” steps in to protest against taking the unfamiliar path, people may keep doing the same thing over and over again.F At teenage years, however, the brain shuts down half of that capac
13、ity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.G Simultaneously, take a look at how colleagues approach challenges, Ms. Markova suggests. We tend to believe that those who think the way we do are smarter than those who dont.Part B一、文章
14、体裁结构分析这是一篇有关人们开发新习惯进而引发创新的说明文。文章第一、二段引出习惯这一话题，并说明了开发新的习惯可以带来创新。第三、四、五段解释了新习惯是如何产生的；后面剩余几段说明了人在拉伸区容易发生新的变化进而促进人的大脑健康。二 、试题解析【参考答案】 41. B 42. F 43. D 44. A 45. G41.【正确答案】B【解答过程】从文中给出的内容我们粗略地知道文章谈论的是有关开发新习惯引发创新的话题。本题缺失内容位于第二段的段尾，因此我们要回到空前的内容去寻找答题线索。前面提到如果我们有意识地去开发新的习惯， 就能让思维跳到创新的轨道上，由此，我们可以推测选填的内容可能会进一
15、步解释这两者的关系。查看选项，B 中“we can direct our change by consciously developing new habits”刚好涉及这一内容，而且“Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit” 刚好是对前面“consciously”这个词的回应和解释，因此本题答案为 E。42.【正确答案】F【解答过程】本题缺失内容是第三段的段尾。我们可以根据上下文来判断合理的选项，空前的内容提及“我们都以我们意识不到的方式来处理问题”；第四段的句首又提到“我们之中很少有人生来就能运
16、用我们的创造性和合作思维模式”，据此我们可以推断正确的选项应该与部分能力未被开发有关，查看选项，只有 F提到人们在青少年的时候有一半也就是两种能力关闭了，这正好与空后的内容相一致。故答案为C。43.【正确答案】D【解答过程】本题缺失内容在第四段的中间，而中间的内容必然会起到衔接上下的作用，因此我们需要参考该空的前后来寻找线索。空前的内容谈到“我们之中很少有人生来就能运用我们的创造性和合作性思维模式”；空后的内容谈到“这种强调很明显导致了平庸表现”，这说明缺失的内容应该是有人进行了这种强调，查看选项，D 正好与此有关，而且选项开头的“this” 刚好能指代前面的“我们之中很少有人生来就能运用我们的创造性和合作性思维模式”，故答案为 A。44.【正确答案】A【解答过程
