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1、RNAVArea Navigation (RNAV) provides the potential for increasing airspace capacity both en-route and in the terminal area in two ways: 区域导航（RNAV ）在以下两个方面为在航路以及终端区提高空域能力提供了可能： By implementing routes which do not have to overfly point source navaids such as VORs. 可以按照希望的航迹飞行而不必飞越助航设施（包括 VOR） By reduci
2、ng the lateral separation between aircraft tracks. 可以减少飞机航迹间的水平间隔This means that the route structures can be modified quickly and easily to meet the changing requirements of the user community. The routes can be shorter, simpler and, where necessary, can be designed to minimise the environmental imp
3、act. In the future, higher levels of navigation accuracy and integrity are anticipated and this should lead to the introduction of closely spaced parallel routes. RNAV can be used in all phases of flight and, when implemented correctly, can result in: 这样意外着根据用户的需要可以快速、简单的修改航路结构。航路可以更短、更简单，在需要的时候可以将外
4、界的影响最小化。在将来会出现更高精度和密度的导航能力，这将导致更加紧密排列的平行航路。如果正确使用 RNAV 技术可以应用在飞行的各个阶段： Improved situational awareness for the pilot. 可以改进飞行员的位置感觉 Reduced workloads for both controller and pilot. 可以降低管制员和飞行员的工作量； Reduced environmental impact from improved route/procedure designs. 通过修正的航路设计可以减少环境对飞行的影响 Reduced fuel c
5、onsumption from shorter, more direct routes. 更短、更直接的航路可以减少油耗In order for RNAV to replace conventional navigation techniques, it is essential that: RNAV 要取代传统的导航技术，需要： The navigation infrastructure (i.e. the ground-*based and space-based navigation positioning systems) provides adequate coverage for
6、the proposed route/procedure. 导航设施（比如地基、星基导航定位系统）可以向设计的航路/程序提供足够的覆盖； The navigation co-ordinate data meets ICAO accuracy and integrity requirements. This means that all the co-ordinates, published in the AIP and used in the aircraft navigation databases, must be referenced to WGS 84 and the user mus
7、t have the necessary assurance that this data has not been corrupted or inadvertently modified. 导航坐标数据满足 ICAO 精密度要求。所有 AIP 以及飞机机载导航数据库中的坐标为WGS-84 坐标，使用者要保证这些数据不会中断或被错误修改 The RNAV routes and procedures have been designed and published in accordance with ICAO criteria to be compatible with the airborn
8、e RNAV systems. RNAV 航路和程序按照 ICAO 标准设计并与机载 RNAV 系统一致 The airborne systems are certified for use on the RNAV routes and procedures. 机载系统被批准在 RNAV 航路和程序上使用 The flight crew have the necessary approval to operate on the RNAV routes and procedures 飞行机组得到运行 RNAV 航路和程序的批准B-RNAVBasic Area Navigation (B-RNAV
9、) is the forerunner of the RNAV programme. It was introduced to enable capacity gains to be achieved through modifications to the en-route structure. It requires aircraft conformance to a track-keeping accuracy of ?5NM for at least 95% of flight time to ensure that the capacity gains are achieved wh
10、ilst meeting the required safety targets. 基础区域导航（B-RNAV ）是区域导航的前身。它要求飞机在沿航路飞行时具备足够的能力修正航迹。在至少 95%的飞行时间内，它要求飞机具备保持航迹精度在 25NM 以内以满足所需的安全目标。B-RNAV can be achieved using inputs from VOR/DME, DME/DME or GPS. (INS may be used for up to 2 hours after the last radio or on-ground update. Loran C may be used
11、in European airspace where suitable coverage exists and the aircraft system has been certified to FAA AC 20-121A no JAA advisory material exists for LORAN C). The JAA has published a Temporary Guidance Leaflet (TGL) No 2, AMJ 20X2, entitled Guidance Material On Airworthiness Approval And Operational
12、 Criteria For The Use Of Navigation Systems In European Airspace Designated For Basic RNAV Operations. B-RNAV 可以使用 VOR/DME、DME/DME 或者 GPS（在地面更新两小时内可以使用惯导，罗兰 C）JAA 对于 B-RNAV 的使用有专门的指导B-RNAV requirements became mandatory in ECAC airspace on 23 April 1998 on the entire ATS route network above FL 95. (I
13、n certain States the minimum Flight Level was initially set higher) B-RNAV is also being used on selected routes into and out of terminal airspace in some States. 从 1998 年 4 月 23 日起，B-RNAV 在欧洲航线系统 FL95 以上是强制要求的，在某些国家进出终端区时也要求 B-RNAV。P-RNAV is the aircraft and operator approval requirement that is in
14、troduced for RNAV procedures in ECAC Terminal Airspace. Terminal Airspace procedures that require P-RNAV approval are designed following common principles which ensure that procedure design and execution are fully compatible. Additional to the minimum performance and functional requirements appropri
15、ate for Terminal Airspace RNAV operations, P-RNAV approval includes navigation data integrity requirements and flight crew procedures. In other words, P-RNAV allows Terminal Airspace operations that are consistent in the various ECAC States, based on procedures design principles and aircraft capabil
16、ities that meet the requirement P-RNAV 是欧洲管制区终端空域实施区域导航对飞机运营商的要求许可。要求获得 P-RNAV 许可的终端空域程序需要满足共同的规则以确保程序的设计与执行是协调一致的。对于终端区区域导航运行，最低性能要求是必须的，此外，P-RNAV 许可包括导航数据的完整性要求以及飞行机组程序。换句话说，P-RNAV程序设计原理和飞行性能满足要求的情况下可以允许在欧洲国家终端空域执行。In other words, P-RNAV allows Terminal Airspace RNAV operations that are consistent in the various ECAC States, based on a common set of design and operation principles, ensuring consistent levels of flight safety. This in contrast to the current si
