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1、1英语中常见修辞格及其使用Figurative expressions are pictorial and full of images. They are rich in English and have added much beauty, vividness and strength to the language. As figurative expressions present ideas in a new relationship either b comparison or by association, we sometimes find it rather hard to
2、understand a figure. This is no wonder, since peoples knowledge and experience are different, and each culture has its own special way of thinking. Generally, a non-native speaker can hardly use a figurative expression properly unless he is able to interpret it correctly in a literal way. Therefore,
3、 a transformational study of the common figures of speech is by no means unnecessary. Besides, such a study is very helpful to our study of the western culture and to an improved appreciation of English and American literature.I. 使用语音手段的修辞格:1. 头韵 (Alliteration): It refers to the appearance of the sa
4、me initial consonant sound in two or more words, such as “as proud as peacock” and “as blind as a bat”. It is often used to give emphasis to words that are related in meaning.):在词的开头重复相同的元音或辅音.例如: Time and tide wait for no man. Suddenly the sky turned gray, The day, which had been bitter and chill,
5、grew soft and still. as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station. (1.2) And ever since then they have been testing and treating me. 1.2) The Russian danger fighting for his hearth and home. (1.5) I see also the dull, drilled, docile Brutish masses(1.5) It was s splendid
6、population for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home. (1.9) It was that population and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences. (1.9) Even with the most educated and the most literate, the Kings English slips and slide
7、s in conversation. (2.3) Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that (2.4)2. 拟声(Onomatopoeia): It refers to the fact of words containing sounds similar to the noises they describe, for example hiss; the use of words like this in a piece of writing are onomatopoeic w
8、ords) makes use of imitation of sounds for effect. It is a device used in poetry and prose to add vividness or vitality to description or narration. There are two types of onomatopoeia: primary and secondary. Primary onomatopoeia usually imitates sounds made by a person, animal, thing or associated
9、with some action or movement. For example, meow, bow-bow, hiss and 2baa are respectively imitative of the cries or calls of cows, cats, dogs, snakes, lions and sheep. Examples of imitation of things like the toot of trains, the bang of doors, the rattle of windows and the crackles of fire and the cl
10、ang of machines. Secondary onomatopoeia refers to the association between a certain sound and a symbolic meaning. We also call it sound symbolism. Sounds have sensory qualities, which suggest certain impression. Even though sounds in themselves have not meaning, and even though the associations betw
11、een sounds and meanings in language are arbitrary and conventions, there are ways of using sounds to complement meaning. Sound is the shell of meaning. Sound and meaning are closely associated with each other.The stylistic effect of onomatopoeia in a variety of texts (Read P 47-54 of English Stylist
12、ics by Ju Yumei): a. Onomatopoeia can create vividness and vitality. Slide, glide, slipb. Onomatopoeia can also be employed to describe concrete objects to make the language be full of sound and color, dramatic and more impressive. Tinkling bells, burblingc. Onomatopoeia plays an important part in p
13、laying up certain circumstances and conveying the feelings of characters. Creak, zigzag d. Onomatopoeia helps to achieve rhythm and beauty in music. Rhyme and rhythm are the major features of poetry. By employing onomatopoeia it can effectively produce a kind of musical beauty.): 以相似的声音描摹非语言的声音.例如:
14、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt-sunlight, the rustling(沙沙声、瑟瑟声 ) of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking(咯吱声、吱嘎声) of a door, the voice of a loved one. You see, life is made up sobs(哭泣声),sniffles(抽鼻子声) and smiles-but mainly of sniffles. Little donkeys with
15、 harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. (1.1) Ancient girders creak and groan, ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can. (1.1) taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeakin
16、g and rumbling of the grinding wheels and the occasional grunts and sighs of the camels. (1.1)four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels. (2.2)II. 使用词汇手段的修辞格:1. 明喻(simile) It is a figure of speech, which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. The comparison is purely imaginative, that is, the resemblance between the two unlik
