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1、内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书I摘 要目前国内外二甲醚生产方法主要有两类：合成气一步法和甲醇法，而甲醇法又分为甲醇气相法和甲醇液相法。 合成气一步法工业化技术尚未完全成熟。按现有技术水平，生产成本比甲醇法高，技术缺陷有待弥补、技术关键有待探索、突破。目前已投产的和拟建在建的二甲醚生产装置都是甲醇法。而液相法生产工艺由于操作压力低、单台反应器产能低、有一定污染，造成装置投资高、电力消耗高，不宜大面积推广。 甲醇气相法是现阶段最经济合理的二甲醚生产方法。目前国内外拟建和在建的上规模的二甲醚生产装置均为甲醇气相法。 甲醇气相法合成二甲醚是目前国内外二甲醚生产的主要工艺，该法以精甲醇为原料，脱水反应副产
2、物少，二甲醚纯度达 99.9%，工艺成熟，装置适应性广，后处理简单，可直接建在甲醇生产厂，也可建在其它公用设施好的非甲醇生产厂。该法要经过甲醇合成、甲醇精馏、甲醇脱水和二甲醚精馏等工艺。目前国外公布的大型二甲醚建设项目绝大多数采用两步法工艺技术，说明甲醇气相法有较强的综合竞争力。关键词：甲醇 二甲醚 气化 内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书IIAbstractAt home and abrod and dimethyl ether production method basically has two kinds: one step method and methanol synthesis met
3、hod, and methanol method and divided into methanol gas phase method and methanol liquid phase methods. Syngas technology has not yet been fully one-step industrialization mature. According to the existing technical level, the production cost than methanol method, high technology, key to make up for
4、defects to explore, breakthrough. At present has gone into operation and construction of dimethyl ether under construction unit of production are methanol method. The liquid phase methods and production process due to low operating pressure, single reactor capacity is low, the have certain pollution
5、 caused by device, high investment, high power consumption, unfavorable accumulates promotion. Methanol gas phase method at present stage is the most economic and reasonable dimethyl ether production methods. At home and abroad and plans to build and the scale of building in dimethyl ether productio
6、n device are methanol gas phase method. Methanol gas phase method synthesis of dimethyl ether is at home and abroad and dimethyl ether, the main technology of production with fine methanol as raw materials, dehydrated, reaction by-products less, dimethyl ether purity of 99.9%, the craft is mature, t
7、he device wide adaptability, simple post-treatment, can be directly built in methanol production factory, also can be built in other public facilities good the methanol production factory. The law should pass methanol synthesis, methanol distillation, methanol dehydration and dimethyl ether distilla
8、tion, etc. Craft. At present foreign large dimethyl ether released most of the construction project by two-step process technology, explain methanol gas phase method has the strong comprehensive competitive power. Key words： Methanol Dimethyl ether gasification 内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书III目录摘 要 .IABSTRACT.II前
9、言 .1第一章 综述 .21.1 绪论 .21.2 甲醇的性质 .21.2.1 甲醇的物理化学性质 .21.2.2 甲醇生产工艺方法 .51.3 甲醇原料气的制造与净化 .61.3.1 甲醇合成催化剂与工序 .71.3.2 粗甲醇精馏工艺 .81.3.3 甲醇生产技术的三种工艺 .81.3.4 煤、天然气、焦炉气制甲醇的生产方法 .101.4 目前生产 技术主要特点 .111.4.1 来源路线丰富化 .111.4.2 大型装置普遍化 .121.4.3 能源节省多样化 .121.4.4 机器控制自动化 .131.5 甲醇的用途 .141.6 中国煤制甲醇发展历史及现状 .15第二章 设计 依据 .162.1 原料及产品规格 .
