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1、1Machine design theory The machine design is an application technical science which designs the new product or improves the old product to meet the human need. It involves all domains of the project technology , which mainly studies basic idea of the size, the shape and the detailed structure of pro
2、ducts. And it also studies the questions of manufacture, sale and usage.机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品来满足人类需求的应用技术科学。它涉及工程技术的各个领域，主要研究产品的尺寸、形状和详细结构的基本构思，还要研究产品在制造、销售和使用等方面的问题。The one who do machine design work is called designer or machine design engineer. The machine design is a creative work. Design engine
3、er not only has the creativity in the work, but also has deep elementary knowledge in mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineering material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology.进行各种机械设计工作的人员通常被称为设计人员或者机械设计工程师。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性，还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识
4、。 As words above, the goal of the machine design is to produce the product which meets the human need. The invention, discovery and technical knowledge are not necessarily bringing the advantages to humanity, which take benefits when they are applied on the product. So , it should be realized that i
5、f the product is needed or not before a special design carrying on .如前所述，机械设计的目的是生产能够满足人类需求的产品。发明、发现和科技知识本身并不一定能给人类带来好处，只有当它们被应用在产品上才能产生效益。因而，应该认识到在一个特定的产品进行设计之前，必须先确定人们是否需要这种产品Its a good opportunity for machine designer to use creative ability on the product design, system analysis and a formulatio
6、n product manufacture technology. Grasps the project elementary knowledge is more important than memorize some data and the formula. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design. On the other hand, it should be earnest precisely all
7、operations. For example, a decimal point position wrongly can cause the correct design to false.应当把机械设计看成是机械设计人员运用创造性的才能进行产品设计、系统分析和制定产品的制造工艺学的一个良机。掌握工程基础知识要比熟记一些数据和公式更为重要。仅仅使用数据和公式是不足以在一个好的设计中做出所需的全部决定的。另一方面，应该认真精确的进行所有运算。例如，即使将一个小数点的位置放错，也会使正确的设计变成错误的。A good designer should dare to propose the new
8、 idea ,and willing to undertake the certain risk. when the new method is not suitable, back to original method. Therefore, designers must have patience. Because the time and the endeavor cannot 2guarantee success. A brand-new design will leave the obsolete and well known method. As conservativeness
9、of many person, it is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement of method for existing product, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, and combine with new idea which has not unified.一个好的设计人员应该勇于提出新
10、的想法，而且愿意承担一定的风险，当新的方法不适用时，就使用原来的方法。因此，设计人员必须要有耐心，因为 所花费的时间和努力并不能保证带来成功。一个全新的设计，要求屏弃许多陈旧的，为人们所熟知的方法。由于许多人墨守成规，这样做并不是一件容易的事。一位机械设计师应该不断地探索改进现有的产品的方法，在此过程中应该认真选择原有的、经过验证的设计原理，将其与未经过验证的新观念结合起来A new design will have questions on many flaws and things not been able to expect. After these flaws and the que
11、stion are solved, it can manifest superiority of new product. Therefore, when a performance superior product is born, it is following a higher risk also. We should emphasize that, if designs itself does not request to use the brand-new method, it is not unnecessary merely for the goal which transfor
12、m to use the new method. 新设计本身会有许多缺陷和未能预料的问题发生，只有当这些缺陷和问题被解决之后，才能体现出新产品的优越性。因此，一个性能优越的产品诞生的同时，也伴随着较高的风险。应该强调的是，如果设计本身不要求采用全新的方法，就没有必要仅仅为了变革的目的而采用新方法In the preliminary stage of design, its allowed to display the creativity for designers fully, none of restraint will be take. Even if having many impra
13、ctical ideas, these can be correct in the early design, before the blueprint drawings are drawed . Only then, the mentality on innovation will be not stop up. Usually, several sets of design proposals will be proposed and compared. May be some thoughts will be used in the last proposal from the othe
14、r proposals which are not accept .在设计的初始阶段，应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性，不受各种约束。即使产生了许多不切实际的想法，也会在设计的早期，即绘制图纸之前被改正掉。只有这样，才不致于堵塞创新的思路。通常，要提出几套设计方案，然后加以比较。很有可能在最后选定的方案中，采用了某些未被接受的方案中的一些想法。Psychologist frequently discuss that the people should adapts the machine which they operate. Designers basic responsibility is
15、diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because, there isnt a best superior operating area and the operating process for all persons. 心理学家经常谈论如何使人们适应他们所操作的机器。设计人员的基本职责是努力使机器来适应人们。这并不是一项容易的工作，因为实际上并不存在着一个对所有人来说都是最优的操作范围和操作过程。Another important question is
16、 project engineer must exchange and consult with other concerned person. In the initial stage, designers have to exchange and consult with the administrative person of the preliminary design which would be approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing. In order to carry on the effective exchange, have to solve the following problems: 3(1) whether this product truly needed by the people? (2) its competitive or not for this product co
