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1、,Questions:“that” is used in indirect speech to report _.“if / whether” are used in indirect speech to report _.“wh-” words are used in direct speech to report _.,Language Structure I,The first notice says that some students are requested to go to the Department Office before 8 October. 此句中，被转述的话语是陈
2、述句，转述动词后的引导词为that。He asks Mr. Ford how he has been.此句中，被转述的部分原为特殊疑问句，转述动词后的引导词通常用疑问词。He asks Mr. Ford if he is still busy learning how to paint.此句中，被转述的话语原为一般疑问句，转述动词后的引导词通常为whether或if。,人称代词变化。指示代词的变化。 thisthat thesethoseTom said, “I love this suit.”Tom said that he love that suit.,动词时态变化。（1）引述动词的时态
3、是现在时态，引述部分变为间接引语时的时态不变。She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.”She says that shell never forget the days in the country.,（2）引述动词的时态是过去时态，引述部分变为间接引语时的时态“退一格”。,例如：She said, “I like singing.” - She said that she liked singing.She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”- She said she was waiting fo
4、r a bus.She said, “I visited Europe last year.”- She said she had visited Europe that year before.She said, “I have never met him before.”- She said that she had never met him before.She said, “I will see you next week.”- She said that she would see me the next week.,语序变化。直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语要变为陈述句语序。谓语动词
5、say变为ask; say to sb.变为ask sb.。e.g. “Is this the only size you have?” the customer asks the shop-assistant.- The customer asks the shop-assistant if / whether that is the only size they have. “What does it mean?” Mr. Ling says to his students.- Mr. Ling asks his students what it means.,时间状语变化。nowthen
6、todaythat daythis week(month, year)that week(month, year)yesterdaythe day beforelast week(month, year)the week(month, year) beforetwo days agotwo days beforetomorrowthe next daynext weekthe next week,方向/趋向变化。comego herethere,无需改变间接引语中动词时态的情况：（1）直接引语表述的是客观真理时e.g. The geography teacher said, “The sun
7、rises in the east and sets in the west.”- The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.（2）直接引语表述的是历史事件时e.g. The teacher said, “World War II ended in 1945.”- The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945.,有些问句提出询问、表示请求、劝告、建议等，要变成间接引语，要用其他形式：表示请求、劝告通常用：ask/advis
8、e+宾语+不定时；表示建议通常用suggest+-ing分词；如Would you spare me a few minutes? He asked me to spare him a few minutes. / Why dont you give the book to him? Peter suggested giving the book to him.,1.He said, I am living with my brother.He said that _ was living with his brother.Iyouhe they,2.He said, You are sure
9、 to get a warm welcome there.He said that we _ sure to get a warm welcome there.am waswere are,3.She says, “Something is wrong with my bike.”She says that something is wrong with _ bike.myahis her,4.He said, “I will not do so again.”He said that he _ not do so again.will mustwoulddo,5.The teacher sa
10、id, My son had the same experience as the little boy.The teacher said that his son had _ the same experience as the little boy.been havehaddone,6.She said to me, “My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday.”She told me that her mother had taken _ to an exhibition the day before.she meher you,7.You
11、 said to me, “I saw the film two days ago.”You told me that you had seen the film _two daystwo days beforetwo days agoyesterday,8.He said to his younger sister, “You may come with me.”He told his younger sister that _ with him.you may come you might comeshe might comeshe might go,9.The student said
12、to me, “She has made a close study of the problem.”The student told me that she _ a close study of the problem.has makehave madehad makehad made,10.He said, “I live here.” He said that he lived_.thereherein thereat there,Exercises (Keys on the pages following the next),Tom said, I want to visit my f
13、riends this weekend. They said, Weve lived here for a long time. He asked me, Have you finished reading the newspaper? She said, I really wish I had bought that new car. Jack said, He must be guilty! Cheryl asked her, How long have you lived here?,She asked me, When are we going to leave? Peter said
14、, I may bring someone with me to the party. My friend said, I will have finished my homework by the time you arrive. Mark asked me, Why do you want to study Russian? Marcia said, I have been waiting for you for over an hour.,Keys,Tom said that he wanted to visit his friends that weekend. They said t
15、hat they had lived there for a long time.He asked me if / whether I had finished reading the newspaper.She said that she really wished she had bought that new car.Jack said that he must have been guilty. Cheryl asked her how long she had lived there.,She asked me when we were going to leave. Peter said that he might bring someone with him to the party.My friend said that he / she would have finished his / her homework by the time I arrived. Mark asked me why I wanted to study Russian.Marcia said that she had been waiting for me for over an hour.,
