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1、Unit 11 Interpreting Academic Speech 学术性口译11-1 The Linguistic System 语言系统Vocabulary1、mutually unintelligible 互不相通unintelligible: 难解的，无法了解的 difficult to understand2、in broad outlines 概貌3、approach (a problem) 处理问题 do with/cope with4、be intimately familiar with 通晓intimately: 密切地5、a finite set of rules
2、数量有限的规则6、an infinite set of sentences 数量无限的句子7、acquire (a language) 习得（一门语言）8、an arbitrary fashion 任意的9、linguistic knowledge/competence 语言知识/能力10、creative aspect 创造能力11、well-formed (sentence) 符合规范的句子 典型句型1In their broad outlines, in their basic principles, and even in the way they approach certain s
3、pecific problems of communication, languages have a great deal in common.从语言的概貌，基本原则，甚至对一些具体问题的交际方法上看，语言有着诸多的共同点。典型句型2Speakers use a finite set of rules to produce and understand an infinite set of sentences. These rules comprise the grammar of a language, which is learned when you acquire the langu
4、age.说话者可以运用一组数量有限的规则来表达与理解数量无限的句子。这些规则组成了语言的语法体系，你在习得语言的同时学到了语法。典型句型3A basic property of human language is its creative aspect-a speakers ability to combine the basic linguistic units to form an infinite set of “well-formed”, or grammatical, sentences, most of which are novel(新奇的，新颖的), never before
5、produced or heard.人类语言的基本属性是创造性，即说话者的语言创造能力，也就是说，说话者能够将语言的基本单位组合起来，生成无限多的符合语法规范的句子，而大部分生成的句子却是说话者自己从未说过或从未听到过的新句子。练习母语是一个人最早学会的一种语言，通常也是他所在民族的标准与或某一种方言。/Mother tongue is the first language that a person picks up and is usually the standard language or dialect of that particular ethnic group./在“国际母语日
6、”上，联合国教科文的一份报告指出，全球大约6，700种语言中，约有半数正面临消失灭绝的危机。/According to a UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) report on the International Mother Tongue Day, about half of the 6,700 or so languages in the world are in danger of dying. /在全球化的经济中，一台电脑就能处理世界各地的信息，弱势语言为强势语言所取代是必
7、然的趋势。/In a globalized economy where a computer is all that is needed to access information all over the world, it is inevitable that weaker languages are replaced by the more dominant ones./不同的民族，语言和文化的存在使世界变得多姿多彩，少数民族的语言和各种方言也应该拥有一席之地。/The presence of different races, languages and cultures has mad
8、e the world so much more interesting and the languages and dialects of minority races do have their own small roles to play./11-2 Two Kinds of Brain 人机之争Vocabulary1、mammalian 哺乳动物 adj. 哺乳动物的2、neurons 神经元3、in a vastly complicated network 极为复杂的网络4、intricacy 复杂/错综5、on-off device 离合装置6、straightforward 正
9、直的/坦率的/直截了当的 7、equivalent n.等价物/相等物 本文：同类8、a point of concern 问题在于典型句型1The human brain weighs three pounds, but in that three pounds are ten billion neurons and a hundred billion smaller cells. These many billions of cells are interconnected in a vastly complicated network that we cant begin to inte
10、rpret as yet.人脑的重量为3磅，而这3磅却包含100亿个神经元以及1，000亿个更小的细胞。千百亿个大脑细胞互为串联，形成了一张我们还无法开始解释的极为复杂的网络。典型句型2Whats more, the computer switch is just an on-off device, whereas the brain cell is itself possessed of a tremendously complex inner structure.此外，电脑的开关只是一个离合装置，而大脑细胞却有着极其复杂的内部结构。典型句型3Of course, most mathemat
11、ical problems can be solved quite mechanically by repeating certain straightforward processes over and over again.当然，大部分数学问题可以通过一遍又一遍地重复一些简易的操作过程，非常机械地予以解决。典型句型4The point of concern is that mankind is not only creating a servant, but also a threatening rival.问题在于人类不仅在制造仆人，同时也在制造威胁自己生存的竞争对手。11-3 The
12、Biological Revolution 生物革命 Vocabulary1、biotechnological 生物技术的2、implanted electrodes 植入的电极3、artificial hormones 人造荷尔蒙4、envision 预言5、genome 基因组 a set of genes6、portend 预示7、scenario 情形/某一特定的情节 8、vivacious 活泼的9、introspective 内向的10、extrovert 性格外向者11、unequivocally 本义：不含糊地 本文：无疑地浏览全文练习心脏病是英国最大的杀手，每年约有27万人心
13、脏病发作，并有近1/3的人在送抵医院之前就停止了呼吸。/Heart disease is Britains biggest killer. Around 270,000 people suffer a heart attack every year and nearly one in three die before they even reach hospital./每五个英国人中就有一个患有高血压，高血压是心脏病发作的主要诱因。血压升得越高，心脏跳动时血液对动脉壁施加的压力就越大。/High blood pressure, or hypertension, affects one in f
14、ive people in the UK and is a major risk factor for heart disease. The higher it climbs, the greater the force exerted by blood on the walks of the arteries when the heart beats. /一项研究表明，周一早上重返工作时的压力可以导致血压升高到危险的程度。很多人在星期天卸下了工作带来的精神和身体上的负担，但是从周末的休闲活动转换到周一的工作状态时，他们面临的压力增大。/A study shows that the stres
15、s of returning to work on a Monday morning can trigger a dangerous increase in blood pressure. Most people are free of the mental and physical burdens of work on a Sunday and experience a more stressful change from weekend leisure activities to work activities on Mondays./血压在清晨身高很可能是人体24小时律动时的一种正常现象，对于健康的来说，这不是什么问题。但如果有的人本来就有心血管疾病，那这就可能把他们逼到临界点，导致心脏病发作。/An early morning rise in blood pressure is probably a normal part of the bodys 24 hour rhythm and unlikely to be
