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1、1 / 8 人教版九年级英语第十三单元知识点总结 Unit13.We re trying to save the earth! 一单词 litter bottom fisherman coal ugly advantage cost wooden plastic takeaway bin shark fin cruel harmful be harmful to at the top of chain the food chain ecosystem industry law scientific take part in afford turn off reusable pay for ta
2、ke action transportation recycle napkin throw away put sth to good use pull.down upside gate bottle president inspiration iron work metal bring back creativity 二 1.现在进行时 定义：表示说话时（瞬间）正在进行的动作,也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。 结构 : 肯定句 : 主语+ am/is/are + V-ing 否定句 : 主语+ am/is/are + not + V-ing 疑问句 : Am/Is/Are + 主语+ V-i
3、ng 用法： 1）表示说话时正在进行的,目前正在发生的动作。 Look! The big bird is flying away. He is watching a movie now. 2）表示目前一段时间内正在进行,但说话时可能没有进行的动作。 Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning. 我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。 1) 2)常带有表示目前时刻的时间副词, 如： now, right now, at the (very) moment, for the time being, at present, these days
4、及 Look! Listen! . 3）与 always, constantly, forever, all the time等副词连用 ,表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常 含有说话者的强烈情感在内。表达较强的“责备”或“表扬”之意 You are always changing your mind. 你总是主意不定。(太烦人了 ) He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。(他真是个好人) 4）对于 start,fly,drive 等表示位置移动的动词常可用进行时态表将来。 He is leaving on Wednesday. Mary isn 2. used
5、 to do 见第四单元及use 用法 3. 被动语态见第五单元 注意：接双宾语的词的被动语态；make /let /have sb do的被动语态； see/ hear /notice /find /observe sb do 的被动语态；It s said/reported/believed/supposed/well-known；及无被动语 态的三种情况（感官动词、不及物动词、sell/write 等） 4. 现在完成时 : 用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果 Yesterday I finished my homework, that s to say, I have
6、 finished my homework now. 过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续 I have lived here since 1990. 现在完成时的构成have/has+过去分词 现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句He has finished the work. 一般疑问句Has he finished the work? 否定句He has not finished the work. 两回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn t. 特殊疑问句What has he done? 在下列情形下用现在完成时 1 九词语 already 已经肯定句中或句尾
7、I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already. yet 已经否定句和疑问句句尾I have not finished the work yet. 2 / 8 Have you bought ever 曾经句中Have you ever seen pandas? never 从不句中I have never been to Beijing. just 刚刚句中I have just done my work. before 以前句尾I have never been there before. so far 到目前为止So
8、far he has learned 200 words. how long 多久How long have you lived here? how many times 多少次How many times has he been to Beijing? 2 两词组 havegone to 去了某地例： He has gone to Beijing (去了北京 ,没回 ) havebeen to 去过某地例： He has been to Beijing. (去过北京 ,回了 ) 3 两结构 for two months for +一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 mo
9、nths. since last year since +过去时间点Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago. since 3 years ago since 1990 since he came here since +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here. 4 如果句子里面没有时间状语,汉语意思能够加“已经”,往往用现在完成时态。 Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？ 5 现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型 They have pla
10、nted many trees in the last/past few years. This is the best book I have ever read. It is the first time 在现在完成时中,一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 例： He has bought the book for 3 years. （错） 因 buy 这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years 连用 , 改正的办法有： He has bought the book. (去掉一段时间for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去
11、时,使句子的意思不变) It s/It has been 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book. （改为固定句型It is/It has been -since- ） He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have 代替 buy） 另外 be here （错）改为： I have been here for 3 years. leave/go be away He has left for 3 hours. （错）改为： He ha
12、s been away for 3 hours. begin/start be on The film has begun for 3 minutes. （错）改为： The film has been on for 3 minutes. open be open / close be closed The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为： The shop has been open for 3 years. die be dead His father has died for 3 years.( 错) 改为： His father has been
13、dead for 3 years. 3 / 8 finish/end be over He has finished the work for 3 days.( 错) 改为： The work has been over for 3 days join I have joined the army for 3 years. （错） 改为： I have been in the army for 3 years. 或 I have been a soldier for 3 years. buy /catch have I have bought the bike for 3 years. （错）
14、改为： I have had the bike for 3 years. He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错）改为： He has had a cold for 3 days. borrow keep I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错）改为： I have kept the book for 3 years. 还有其它的归纳如下： break be broken get up be up marry be lose be lost 5. 情态动词 1) 情态动词本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气,但不
15、能单独作谓语,只能与 其他动词构成谓语。常见的有：can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would) 等。 2) 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not 。个别情 态动词有过去式形式, 也可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。 1.can 和 could 的用法 (1)can/could 表示“能力；许可；可能性”等。could 为 can 的过去式。如：Can I use your bike? (2)can 用在疑问句中,表示征求意见、请求许可,答语仍用can; could 用在疑问
16、句中,比 can 更委婉、客气,是一种礼貌的说法,并不表示过去时态,答语用can,而不能用could。 如： Could you tell me the way to the zoo? Sorry. I cant. Im new here 。 注意 can 和 could 只能用于现在时和过去时两种时态,将来时中用be able to。另外 , cant 可表示否定推测。如：That _ be Mr Wang. He has gone to Beijing 。 2.may 和 might 的用法 may/might 意为“可以”,表示同意、许可或请求对方许可,也可表示祝愿。may 的否定形式 为 may not。might 是 may 的过去式 ,有两种用法：一种表示过去式；一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉、客气,或表示可能性更小。以may 开头的一般疑问句,其否定回答用 mu
