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1、. . . . 冰山原则在老人与海中的体现Iceberg Theory Embodied in The Old Man and the SeaContents摘要.I关键词.IAbstract.IIKey words.IIIntroduction.1 I. Introduction of Ernest Hemingway.2II. Background and the Main Story3III. Three Deep Stratifications of the Iceberg Theory in the Novel.6A. A Paean of Hero from the Perspec
2、tive of the Theme.6a. Function of the Old Man as Hemmingways Own Character6b. Function of the Boy as the Oedipus Complex of Hemmingway.7B. Hemmingways Unconscious Desire and Writing from the Perspective of the Fishing.8a. Santiagos Dreams and Reveries Above the Water, and the Underneath Unconscious
3、Desire.9b. The Fishing of the Old Man as the One-eighth Part, and the Hard Creativity of the Author as the Seven-eighths.10C. An Ancient Greek Tragedy form the Perspective of the Source and Religion12 Conclusion.15Bibliography.17Acknowledgement.18摘 要海名威以其简洁的文字，鲜明的形象，丰富的感情和深刻的思想构成了著名的“冰山原则”，牢固确立了他在美国
4、历史上的地位，使他成为美国历史上最具影响的作家之一。他指出冰山的威严就在于只有八分之一露出水面。然而，他的这一风格的形成是与他的生活背景及其早期父母对他的影响是分不开的。中篇小说老人与海是海名威一生思想和艺术的总结，他大量的使用象征，比喻等手法，把作品高度抽象化，使其完全隐藏在水下的“八分之七”中，那么文章中哪些隐藏在水下的八分之七呢，“冰山原则”又是怎样在文中得以体现的呢？在老人与海中，老人桑提亚哥作为海名威式的硬汉形象的变体，体现了他在压力下的风度，某种程度上他就是海名威自身的一个化身，而小男孩马洛林以圣母马利亚的形象出现，体现了老年无助的海名威的恋母情结。文章中老人梦见狮子，幻想伟大的老
5、狄马吉奥，鸡眼和斗鸡，是海名威对失去的青春的遗憾和对力量的向往，以及对成为冠军成为王的渴望的写真。这些都是老人的无意识欲望。此外，从老人打鱼的过程和天数来看，不仅在行为上与基督教不断出现巧合，而且他暗指写作过程正如打鱼过程一样是艰辛的，写作技巧也需要长时间的锻炼和摸索，而作品也会和鱼一样不断的遭到攻击。通过分析海名威的老人与海，人们能正确认识他的“冰山原则”并知道怎样在写作中去运用。海名威用冰山理论在老人与海中隐含了他自己的性格特征及原则，同时告诫人们无论在任何情况下都应该保持自己的尊严和压力下的风度，学会思考，善于总结以前的经验并且将其付于应用中去。 关键词 冰山原则；象征主义；无意识欲望；
6、基督教；写作AbstractTerse words, vivid images, copious emotions and profound thoughts make up Hemingways famous “iceberg theory”, which solidly confirmed the renown of him and made him one of the most influential writers in America history. He pointed out that the grace of the iceberg is that only one-eig
7、hth above the water. However, the formation of his style cannot be apart from his versatile parents.The medium-length novel The Old Man and the Sea is the fruit of all along life of Hemingways thoughts and arts. He used a lot of rhetoric, such as symbolisms, metaphors. He highly abstracted his works
8、 and made them the underneath seven-eighths. So what is the underneath part and how the novel embodied the iceberg theory? And how does his iceberg theory be embodied in the novel?In The Old Man and the Sea, the old man, Santiago, is a transformation of Hemingways code honor, which embodied the grac
9、e under pressure. In some degree, the old man is an incarnation of Hemingway himself. Moreover, the little boy, Manolin, appears as the image of Virgin Marie, which embodied the Oedipus complex of old helpless Hemingway. In the novel, the old man dreaming of the lion and revering old DiMaggio and fi
10、ghting cock several times are the regret of losing youth longing for power and champion. All of those are the old mans unconscious desire.Additionally, from the processes and dates of fishing, it is coincident with Christianity constantly and also he indicates that writing just like fishing is very
11、hard, the skill of writing needs long times practices and thoughts, meanwhile works just like the marlin may also be attracted by others.Through Hemingways The Old Man and the Sea, Readers can understand iceberg theory better and know more about how to use it. Used his famous iceberg theory in The O
12、ld Man and the Sea, Hemmingway implied his own character and personality. At the same time, it told us no matter what kind of situation, we should keep our own dignity and the grace under pressure, we should learn to consider and be good at summarize the previous experience and apply it into our lif
13、e.Key Words Iceberg theory; symbolism; unconscious desire; Christianity; writingIntroductionErnest Hemmingways famous iceberg theory best accounts for this: One eighths of an iceberg is above the water, while seven eighths is underneath the water. Profound levels of meaning and strong emotions will
14、not enchant you until you dive into the water.Terse words, vivid images, copious emotions and profound thoughts are the four ingredients of Hemmingways iceberg theory. To be concrete, words and images are the so-called above water one eighths while emotions and thoughts are the other underneath seven eighths. The former is obvious in the novel while the later is embedded in the former. Words modeled images; meanwhile, images concluded emotions, which conta
