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1、第一章 选词用字,一、注意一词多义,（一）根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义。 1. I saw him saw with a saw in a sawmill. 我看到他在锯木场用锯子锯木头。 2. The machine can can a can of fish in two seconds. 这台机器两秒钟就可以装好一罐鱼罐头。,(二)根据上下文及词的搭配关系来选词用字。,heavy (adj.) heavy rain heavy fighting heavy machine heavy traffic heavy task heavy casualties heavy heart h
2、eavy clouds,light (adj.),light music light work light loss light voice light heart light step to read a map to do wonders to take bribes to read the loneliness to throw a party,再来看几个例句,1.The road winds through thick forest. 路弯弯曲曲地穿过茂密的森林。 2. I need more water; the mud is too thick. 我再要点水，泥太稠了。 3. He
3、 drank too much and his voice became thick. 他喝得太多了，嗓子都哑了。,4. The room was thick with smoke. 屋子里烟雾腾腾。 5. They drove carefully in the thick fog. 他们在大雾中小心地开着车。 6. He is very thick with the new manager. 他与新经理的关系十分密切。,7. It took him two hours to get the place straight. 他花了两个小时才把屋子搞整齐。 8. Thank you for be
4、ing straight with me. 谢谢你对我坦诚相待。 9. Im so tired that I can hardly think straight. 我太累了，简直都想不清问题了。,10. I can never play jokes on people because I cant keep a straight face. 我没法跟人开玩笑，因为我保持不住一脸严肃的样子。 11. You bought the ticket, so if I pay the taxi, well be straight. 你买了票，如果我付打车的钱，咱俩就谁也不欠谁了。,二、注意词义的褒贬,比
5、较下面的汉语词： 领袖头子 谴责诽谤 顽强顽固 果断武断 保护庇护 呼声喧嚣 比较下面的英语词： childlike-childish the masses-the mob antique-old-fashioned slender-thin-skinny-scrawny,（一）有些词本身含有褒贬意义，汉译时应相应地表达出来。,He was a man of high renown. 他是位有名望的人。 2. His notoriety as a hoodlum did not come until his death. 他是流氓的名声直到他死后才传播开来。/ 他作为流氓的恶名是他死后才传开来
6、的。 3. “He was polite and always gave advice willingly,” she recalled. “他很有礼貌，而且总是主动给你建议，”她回忆说。 4. We were shocked by his coarse manners. 他的粗鲁无礼让我们感到非常吃惊。,(二)有些词是中立的，本身不含褒贬意义，但在一定的上下文中可能有褒贬意味；有些词在不同的上下文里有不同的感情色彩，汉译时应用具有褒贬意义的相应的词表达出来。 1. His heroic deeds are really praiseworthy. 他的英雄事迹值得称赞。 He had lie
7、d to me, and made me the tool of his wicked deeds. 他对我撒了谎，使我成为了他罪恶勾当的工具。,2. The two friends are hand-in-glove with each other. 这两个好朋友亲密无间。 The reactionaries work hand-in-glove with the spies. 反动派与特务狼狈为奸。,3. As a demanding boss, he does not allow his employees to take more than one day off within a m
8、onth. 他是个苛刻的老板，每个月只允许手下人最多休息一天。 As demanding boss, he required his employees to concentrate on their work during office hours. 他是个严格的老板，要求员工上班时间要全神贯注的工作。,三、注意词义的引申,1. The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green. 我前面那辆车停下来了，结果我错过了绿灯。 2. They usually called Frank the green grocer. 他们通常称弗兰克为蔬
9、菜水果商。 3. They will have to employ a lot of men just as green as I am. 他们不得不雇用很多像我一样的新手。,4. Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都既有苦又有甜。,5. We in Zambia would like to build a color-blind society where all men can have equal opportunity. 我们想在赞比亚建立一个没有种族歧视的社会。在那里，所有的人都机会均等。,四、注意掌握字词的分寸,比较下面的词语:
10、词义轻重： 祝贺庆祝 批评批判 损坏毁坏 轻视蔑视 欺侮欺压,词义范围大小： 房子房间 建设建筑 战争战役 时代时期,比较下面的译文,1. The jewels were worth a small fortune. 这些珠宝价值连城。 这些珠宝颇值一些钱。 2. She had to persuade Gaston to surrender to her the key to the door. 她软硬兼施，让盖斯顿交出了房门钥匙。 她好说歹说，才让盖斯顿交出了房门钥匙。 3. She put 5 dollars into my hand, “you have been a great ma
11、n today.” 她把5美元放到我手里，说：“你今天是个伟大的人。” 她把5美元放到我手里，说：“你今天真了不起。”,你认为下面句子的翻译怎么样,If we must not be obsessed by the past, we should not entirely ignore it. 如果说，我们不应迷恋过去，那么也不应完全轻视过去。 2. He told his hearers that if the people were attacked by the policemen, the consequences must fall on the heads of the aggre
12、ssors. 他对听众说，如果人民受到警察的袭击，其后果一定会落到侵略者头上。 3. Some fled to P., others to Q., but many of them never reached their destination. 有些人逃往P地，另一些人逃往Q地，但是其中许多人在途中就被杀掉了。,五、注意字词的文体色彩,口俗用语、一般用语、书面用语 书面语词和口语词 母亲妈妈 清晨早上 逝世死 诞辰生日,先试着自己翻译下面的段落；再把给出的两种译文做个对比，看看哪个译文更能保存原文的问题风格,Studies serve for delight, for ornament an
13、d , for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. (Francis Bacon: “Of Studies”),译文1 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也， 最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。 译文2 读书使人感觉快乐，使人富有光彩，使人增长才干。其快乐之处，主要在于独处休闲之时；其光彩之处，主要显于社交交谈之时；其才干之处，主要见于判断处世之时。,
