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1、名词性从句一 概述1 概念在复合句中起_作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。I hope that you will pass the examination. （_从句）The problem is what we should do next. （_从句）The fact that he had won the match surprised us. （_从句）That she will come is certain. （_从句）2名词性从句的连接词连接词词义在从句中所作成分从属连词：that whether/if连接代词：who whom whos
2、e which what连接副词：wherewhenwhyhow3. 名词性从句中用陈述句语序如：Do you know whom they are looking for?She asked me where I had been.二各类名词性从句（一）主语从句在句子中充当主语的从句称为主语从句。1由that引导的主语从句1）that 引导主语从句时，that 没有意义，但不能省略。（that 引导宾语从句时可以省略。）That she is a rich woman is known to us all. 众所周知，她是个富有的女人。2）有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句
3、作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：It +be + 形容词+that.It is important that he should come on time. 他按时来是很重要的。It wasnt very clear _ 不清楚她是什么意思。It + n. (a pity /a shame/ no wonder.) + thatIt is a pity that he failed to get full mark because of a mistake in calculation.可惜他由于一个计算错误没有得满分。It + be
4、 + said/believed/reported/hoped/announced/reported/known/estimated+that_（一般认为）Indians were the first settlers in the Americas. It + seem/happen/appear/occur to sb/matter+ that这幅画好像挂倒了。_这本书恰好售完。_2. 由whether引导的主语从句1)用于it 作形式主语的结构中It wont make much difference whether you go there by bus or on foot. 你坐车
5、还是步行去哪里没有什么影响。还不清楚他们是否同意这项计划。It_2)whether 从句置于句首Whether or not your handwriting is beautiful dose not matter,but whether your handwriting is clear is quite important.主语从句中不可用if来引导从句（if只用于宾语从句）。3)由wh-疑问词引导的主语从句_（你所做过的事情）might do harm to other people. _（这是谁的过错）is not important. =It _._（英语晚会在哪里举行）has n
6、ot yet been announced.=It _.（二）表语从句 表语从句是跟在系动词后面的名词性从句。常用的系动词有be, seem, look, become等.表语从句的引导词除了连词 that, wh-疑问词外，还有because, as if 和as though。 1由that, because, as if (as though)引导的表语从句 The fact is that she doesnt like pop music. 事实是她不喜欢流行音乐。 All I can say is that I have nothing to do with it. 我能说的就是我
7、与此事没有关系。 It looks _. 看上去似乎又要下雨了。I feel uncomfortable now. Thats because I ate too much this morning. 那是因为早上吃得太多了。当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。The reason _ he was late was _ he missed the train this morning. 他迟到的原因是他早上错过了火车。2由wh-疑问词引导的表语从句The question is whether the God really exists. 问题在于上帝是否真
8、的存在。 That is what I want to say. 那就是我想说的。The problem is who is to pay and when we can start.问题是谁来付帐，我们又何时开始。What I want to know is where we shall go and whether she will join us. 我想知道的是我们要去什么地方以及她是否加入我们。（三）宾语从句宾语从句作宾语一般是用于及物动词之后，有时也用于介词之后。在whether(if), what, who , when , where, why ,how引导的宾语从句中，必需使用
9、陈述语句。1由that引导的宾语从句，在口语中that常忽略。James said (that) he was feeling better. 詹姆斯说他感到好些了。I think (that) its going to rain tomorrow.宾语从句中的否定意义须在主句谓语中如think, suppose等动词中表现出来。 I dont think (that) he will come. I dont suppose that she is likely to come.如果同时有两个that从句作宾语时，第二个that一般不省，以免引起误解。 He denied (that) he
10、 had entered the room and that he had stolen the money = He denied (that) he had entered the room, and he denied (that) he had stolen the money. 介词后面的that从句中，that不可省略。他英语流利，除了发音不太令人满意。He speaks quite fluent English _.2由whether/if引导的宾语从句whether和 if相同，但用法上有一些区别。1）if只能用于宾语从句，whether可用于各种名词性从句 2）whether
11、后面可跟or not而if不能 3）介词后面不能用if，可用whether。 He asked me _ (whether/if) he should go there or not. _ (whether/if) he will accept your offer is still unknown.It depends on _ (whether/if) he will support us.3. 由wh- 疑问词引导的宾语从句I dont know who all those people are. 我不知道那些人是谁。He asked whose handwriting was the
12、best. 他问谁的书法最好。She wants to know which film I like best. 她想知道我最喜欢哪一部电影。I am not interested in what he is doing. 我对他做的事不感兴趣。I dont know why he didnt come. 我不知道他为什么没来。4.带先行词it的宾语从句先行词it是形式宾语，从句才是真正的宾语，其结构为：及物动词+it+adj./n.+that从句Weve made it a rule that we should practice speaking English every day. 我们定下规则每天操练说英语。乔治已明确表示他反对这个项目_我想当然认为你会和我们呆在一起。_5.形容词后的that 从句that 引导的名词性从句还可以用在一些形容词后面。这种句型一般都用人作主语，所用的形容词都是表示思想状况或感情色彩的形容词，如certain, sure, positive, afraid, convinced, anxious, disappointed, worried, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, surprised, aware, doubtful, confident等等。I am s
