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1、U2 重点词汇讲解Reading1. confuse v. 使迷惑，使困惑1) The heavy traffic confused the new driver. 繁忙的交通使司机不知所措。2) We tried to confuse the enemy. 我们试图迷惑敌人。【拓展】confusing adj. 令人迷惑的，令人不解的3) Your explanation is confusing. 你的解释令人迷惑。confused adj. 感到迷惑的，感到不解的4) I am confused about the problem. 对这个问题，我很困惑。5) If the situat
2、ion is confusing, you will get confused. 如果形势令人困惑，你会被弄糊涂的。6) There is a confused look/expression on his face. 他脸上露出迷惑的表情。2. be made up of 由组成，可与consist of 互换1) The class is made up of 15 girl students and 20 boy students.= The class consists of 15 girl students and 20 boy students.班级由15个女生和20个男生组成。注
3、意两者作定语时的区别a group made up of five doctors and 10 nurses= a group consisting of five doctors and 10 nurses【拓展】: be made of/be made from/be made out of 由制成be made into 被制成make up 组成，编制，弥补，化妆，和解make for 走向；有助于make out 理解，辨认出2) The old building is made of stone. 这幢老房子是由石头建成的。3) The wine is made from gra
4、pes. 葡萄酒是由葡萄酿制而成的。4) Her dress is made out of her sisters old dress. 她的衣服是用她姐姐的旧衣服改做的。5) She made the material into a dress. 她用这种布料做了一条裙子。6) Eleven players make up a football team. 11个队员组成了一个足球队。7) Uncle Dick made up an interesting story for the children. 迪克叔叔给孩子们编了一个有趣的故事。8) We have to drive fast t
5、o make up the time we lost in New York. 我们得开快点以弥补在纽约失去的时间。9) The actors were making up when we arrived. 我们到的时候，演员们正在化妆。10) He and his wife usually make up their quarrel the same day. 他和妻子吵架通常当天就言归于好。11) As soon as it started to rain, we made for home. 天一开始下雨，我们就朝家里走去。12) Does early rising make for g
6、ood health? 早起有助于健康吗？13) It was difficult to make out his handwriting. 他的书写很难辨认。14) I couldnt make out what he wanted on earth. 我不明白他到底要什么。3. occupy vt. 占领，占有；使从事，使忙于 1) Enemy troops occupied the country. 敌军占领了这个国家。 2) He was occupied in collecting stamps. 他忙于集邮。【拓展】 occupy oneself in(with) sth. 忙于4
7、. lead to 通到；导致 1) This road leads to the hotel. 这条路通到旅馆。 2) Smoking can lead to lung cancer. 抽烟可能导致肺癌。5. contribution 贡献，促进作用 contribution n. 可构成词组 make a contribution1) They made a great contribution to the development of our society.他们为社会发展做出了巨大的贡献。【拓展】contribute捐助；贡献；投稿等，常和to连用2) We contributed
8、food and clothing to the poor. 我们捐助了食物和衣物救济贫民。3) He has contributed (articles) to the magazine for several years. 他为这家杂志撰稿好几年了。6. take control of 控制，取得对的控制1) Its no easy task to take control of a class of young children. 管住一个班的小孩子可不是件容易的事。【拓展】 have/hold control of/over 控制着 in control (of) 控制着，出于统治地位
9、 lose control of 失去对的控制 out of control 失去控制，无法控制 under control （被）控制住7. rule v. 统治1) Today, most kings and queens rule (their countries) only in a formal way, without real power. 当今大部分的国王和王后只是象征性地统治（他们的国家），没有实权。rule也可做名词，意为“统治”，常构成词组under ones rule 或under the rule of sb.意为“在某人的统治之下”2) Under the quee
10、ns rule/the rule of Elizabeth I, Britain became the number one power of the world. 在那位女王/伊丽莎白一世的统治下，英国成为世界第一大国。8. replace vt. 替换，代替，取代 相当于词组take the place of。常构成词组replace A with B, 意为用B代替A。1) Tourism has replaced heavy industry as the citys main source of income. = Tourism has taken the place of hea
11、vy industry as the citys main source of income. 旅游业已经取代重工业成为这座城市的主要收入来源。2) Today many high schools have replaced blackboards with whiteboards. 今天许多中学用白色书写板取代了黑板。9. include vt. 包括，强调包罗并使之成为一部分 1) The price includes both house and furniture. 这个价格包括房子及家具的价格。 常用including和included引出一解释性短语，including位于该短语前
12、，included位于该短语后。 2) They will send you the book for $3, postage included. 他们将把这本书寄给你，包括邮资共三美元。3) At least 80 people were injured, including five policemen.至少有80人受伤，包括5个警察。【辨析】contain意思是“包含，容纳”，侧重于容器中“装有，含有”4) How much oil can the bottle contain? 这只瓶子能装多少油?5) Apples contain water and sugar. 苹果含有水和糖分。
13、10. pronunciation n.发音（法），语音 a word with two pronunciations 有两种发音的单词 1) You pronunciation is very good. 你的发音很好。 pronounce vt. 发音，读音；正式宣布（或公布） 2) How do you pronounce your surname? 你的姓怎么读? 3) She examined the product and pronounced herself pleased with their work. 她检查了产品，宣布对他们的工作很满意。11. depend on 取决于
14、；依靠，信赖。其中on可用upon替换。 1) We might need more cars, depending on/upon the number of people gathering here. 我们也许需要更多的车辆，这要看有多少人聚集到这里。 2) You can depend on him, for he is a man of his word. 你可以信赖他，因为他是个守信用的人。 【拓展】 dependent adj. 依赖的；受影响的 independent adj. 独立的dependence n. 依靠independence n. 独立3) He gradual
15、ly becomes dependent on alcohol. 他渐渐对酒精产生了依赖。4) You should learn to be independent of your parents. 你应该学着不要依赖父母。5) Our relationship is based on mutual dependence. 我们的关系建立在相互依存的基础上。6) India gained independence for Britain in 1947. 印度于1947年脱离英国获得独立。Grammar and usage1. promise v. 许诺，答应。 后面接直接宾语再接不定式，从句，名词代词或不接直接宾语。 1) Dad promised (me) to buy me a laptop, but he broke his own word. 爸爸答应过（我）要给我买个笔记本电脑，但是他失信了。2) The student promised (the librarian) that all books would be returned by
