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1、考点十一 特殊句式 2 3 第1步 技法探究 一 强调句 1 强调句型 强调句型由 It is was 被强调部分 that who 构成 可以用来强调 句子的主语 宾语 状语 被强调部分是指人的名词或代词时用 who和that均可 其他情况一律用that 1 强调句的一般疑问句式 Is Was it 被强调部分 that who 例 Was it yesterday that you met your old friend in the supermarket 2 强调句的特殊疑问句式 特殊疑问词 被强调部分 is was it that who 例 Why was it that you
2、didn t attend the meeting What was it that made her so upset 4 3 对not until 进行强调 It is was not until that 例 It was not until I failed in the exams that I realized I had not studied hard 2 使用助动词do does did 强调 强调句子谓语动词时 将助动词do does did 置于动词原形之前 用 来加强语气 例 Do be careful 一定要细心 例 He does enjoy drawing 他确实
3、喜欢画画 5 二 倒装句 1 部分倒装 部分倒装指的是只将be动词 助动词或情态动词提到主语前面 1 表示否定意义的词或短语置于句首时句子用部分倒装 常见的 这类词或短语有not never hardly seldom rarely by no means in no way in no case at no time等 例 Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person At no time should you touch it or get it hurt 2 not only but also 连接两个分句 not only 置于
4、句首时 前一个 分句用部分倒装 例 Not only do I enjoy less spare time but I find myself even busier than before 6 3 在no sooner than hardly scarcely when 结构中 no sooner hardly scarcely 置于句首时 主句部分用部分倒装 且用过去 完成时 than when后的句子用一般过去时 例 Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him No sooner had she seen him th
5、an she smiled 4 在not until 结构中 当not until 置于句首时 主句 句子用部分 倒装 例 Not until then did he know he lost his way Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was 5 only强调状语置于句首时 主句 句子用部分倒装 例 Only in this way can we learn English well Only when he returned did
6、we find out the truth 7 6 so neither nor置于句首表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物 时 例 We saw the film last week So did they I have never been abroad Neither has he 7 在so such that 句型中 so such 置于句首时 主句用部分倒装 例 So moved was she that she could not say a word Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were brok
7、en 8 虚拟条件句中如果有were had should 省略连词if时 were had should要提到主语之前 构成部分倒装 例 Were they here now they could help us Had you come earlier you would have met him 9 neither nor 连接并列的句子 前后两个分句都要倒装 例 Neither do I know what has happened nor do I care about it 8 2 完全倒装 完全倒装指的是将谓语部分全部放在主语前面 1 表示地点 方位的词 短语 或there he
8、re now then等置于句首 且 主语是名词时用完全倒装结构 例 Down came the rain Here comes the train to Beijing In the deep forest lies a lake with a variety of fishes in it On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple 2 主系表结构中的表语置于句首时 例 Present at the meeting were Professor Zhang and many other guests 3 直接引语的一部分位于句首时 例 E
9、xactly said my father shaking the old man s hand 9 三 省略句 1 句子成分的省略 为了句子的简洁 一部分句子成分 如主语 主谓的一部分 表 语 宾语 补语等可以省略掉 例 You Open the door please You come This way please Do you know Tom I don t know him My room is on the third floor and his is on the fifth floor I know that we will have an English competiti
10、on but I don t know when we will have an English competition Work hard when you are young or you ll regret Unless it is necessary you d better not refer to the dictionary If he doesn t want to go there don t force him to go there 10 I don t go swimming now but I used to go swimming 注意 不定式to之后的动词是be或
11、have时 要保留to后的be和have 2 词的省略 1 宾语从句中的连词that一般可以省略 and连接两个或两个以上的 that引导的宾语从句 第一个that可省略 例 I hope that you ll be fine soon He said that the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it 2 定语从句中的关系代词 如在从句中作宾语可省略 例 Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting for his careless
12、ness 11 四 祈使句 1 否定式和强调式 例 Don t be so sure 否定式 例 Never come late 否定式 例 Please don t forget to take your medicine 否定式 例 Do come on time this evening 强调式 2 带主语的祈使句 1 为了加强感情色彩或要特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时 需加主 语 you 有时还可同时加称呼语 例 Tom you water the flowers 2 命令 吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时 祈使句需带主语 you 还可 同时带称呼 例 You girls clean the
13、desks you boys sweep the floor 12 3 祈使句 and 陈述句 If 主句 祈使句 or 陈述句 If not 主句 例 Work hard and you will succeed If you work hard you will succeed 例 Hurry up or we will be late If you don t hurry up we will be late 13 五 反意疑问句 反意疑问句由两部分构成 前一部分用陈述句形式 后一部分是一 个附加在前一部分上的简短问句 陈述部分用肯定形式时 附加问 句部分用否定形式 反之亦然 附加问句部
14、分的动词形式及主语由 陈述句决定 而且主语必须是代词 1 陈述部分的主语是名词时 附加问句的主语用相应的人称代词 例 Your parents had a long talk with you last night didn t they 2 陈述部分主语是表示人的不定代词时 反意疑问句的主语侧重全 部用they 侧重个体用he 例 No one was there that day was he were they 3 陈述部分主语是表示物的不定代词时 反意疑问句的主语用it 例 Everything that he says is true isn t it 14 4 陈述部分的主语是on
15、e时 反意疑问句的主语在正式的场合用one 在非正式场合用you 例 One should be honest shouldn t one you 5 陈述部分主语是指示代词时 反意疑问句的主语要用it或they 例 This is your car isn t it Those are grapes aren t they 6 陈述部分是there be结构时 反意疑问句仍用there 例 There was a hospital here wasn t there 7 陈述部分有表示推测的情态动词must时 反意疑问句的动词与 must后的动词一致 例 They must be sleep
16、ing then weren t they 注意 must后接完成式 若表示对过去情况的推测 附加问句中动词用 didn t 若表示对已完成情况的推测 用haven t或hasn t 15 8 陈述部分含有否定词时 反意疑问句用肯定式 例 He is never late for school is he They seldom clean the room do they 注意 常见的否定词有 no never nothing nowhere rarely hardly seldom few little等 若陈述部 分有带否定意义词缀的派生词 如dislike useless unfair等 后面的附 加问句仍用否定式 16 9 陈述部分是祈使句时 反意疑问句用will you或won t you 例 Look at the blackboard will won t you Don t make any noise will you 注意 以Let s开头的祈使句 反意疑问句用shall we 以Let us me开头的 祈使句 反意疑问句用will you 陈述部分是否定的祈使
