《希腊文化入门（英语课件,陆道夫主讲,南方医科大学外国语学院）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《希腊文化入门（英语课件,陆道夫主讲,南方医科大学外国语学院）（24页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、<p><p>&lt;p&gt;The Greek Culture 南方医科大学外国语学院 陆道夫 教授 主讲 Homer vTradition depicts Homer as a blind minstrel wandering from place to place reciting poems that had come down to him from a very old oral tradition. Many scholars believe that the books as they exist toda
2、y were not written by a single person and were not put in writing until centuries after they took their present form. The Iliad vThe Iliad narrates several weeks of action during the tenth and final year of the Trojan War, concentrating on the wrath of Achilles. It begins with the dispute between Ac
3、hilles and Agamemnon, and ends with the funeral rites of Hector. vThe Iliad focuses mainly on Achilles and his rage against king Agamemnon, the Greek commander-in-chief, who has taken an attractive slave and spoil of war Briseis from Achilles. Achilles, the greatest warrior of the age, follows the a
4、dvice of his mother and withdraws from battle in revenge and the allied Achaean (Greek) armies nearly lose the war.In counterpoint to Achilles pride and arrogance stands the Trojan prince Hector, son of King Priam, with a wife and child, who fights to defend his city and his family. The Elopement of
5、 Helen vThe most beautiful woman in the world was Helen, one of the daughters of Tyndareus, king of Sparta. Her mother was Leda, who had been seduced by Zeus in the form of a swan; accounts differ over which of Ledas four children were fathered by Zeus and which by Tyndareus. The Odyssey The 11,300
6、line poem follows Odysseus, king of Ithaca, on his voyage home after an heroic turn in the Trojan War. It also tells the story of Odysseus wife Penelope who struggles to remain faithful, and his son Telemachus who sets out to find his father. In contrast to the Iliad, with its extended sequences of
7、battle and violence, all three are ultimately successful through use of cleverness, and the support of the goddess Athena. This cleverness is most often manifested by Odysseus use of disguise and, later, recognition. His disguises take forms both physical (altering his appearance) and verbal (tellin
8、g the Cyclops Polyphemus that his name is &amp;quot;Nobody&amp;quot; then escaping after blinding the Cyclops because Polyphemus cries foul at the hands of &amp;quot;nobody&amp;quot;). Achilles The influence vThe Odyssey is the second of the two great Greek epic poems
9、 ascribed to Homer, the first of which is the Iliad. vThe poem is considered one of the foundational texts of the Western canon and continues to be read in both Homeric Greek and translations around the world. While todays Odyssey is usually a printed text, the original poem was an oral composition
10、sung by a trained bard, in an amalgamated Ancient Greek dialect, using a regular metrical pattern called dactylic hexameter. Greek mythology1 vThe Twelve Olympians, in Greek mythology, were the principal gods of the Greek pantheon, residing atop Mount Olympus. There were, at various times, fourteen
11、different gods recognized as Olympians, though never more than twelve at one time. Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Ares, Hermes, Hephaestus, Aphrodite, Athena, Apollo, and Artemis are always considered Olympians. Hestia, Demeter, Dionysus, and Hades are the variable gods among the Twelve. Greek mythology2 vTh
12、e Olympians gained their supremacy in the world of gods after Zeus led his siblings to victory in war with the Titans; Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Hestia, and Hades were siblings; all other Olympians (with the exception of foam-born Aphrodite) are usually considered the children of Zeus by variou
13、s mothers, except for Athena, who in some versions of the myth was born of Zeus alone. Additionally, some versions of the myth state that Hephaestus was born of Hera alone as Heras revenge for Zeus solo birth of Athena. The basic features of Greek culture vfree speech and public criticism were openl
14、y practiced; and a corresponding hatred for tyrannies or one-man-rule of all kinds. v striving for excellence by the public at large. va corresponding effort at moral excellence, including not only constantly inquiring which life is worth living, but also people practicing what they preached. The ba
15、sic features of Greek culture vfighting graft and corruption&amp;quot; at all levels, with a corresponding internalization over the centuries of certain basic civic values. vtrying to overcome personal weaknesses, which may be seen as a corollary to their unusually intense attempts to excel.
16、 vbehaving with the highest integrity even in the absence of immediate supervision. The basic features of Greek culture v subscribing to the &amp;quot;agonistic&amp;quot; or competitive spirit, mostly through playful contests and competitions. vrewarding individuals on the basis of m
17、erit, as opposed to wealth, or family or political connections. This led to the birth of the Olympic Games in Greece, which in ancient Greece included not only physical, but also literary, dramatic, and musical contests. The basic features of Greek culture vinstituting education through&lt;/p&gt;</p></p>
