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1、杭州电子科技大学 硕士学位论文 基于构件技术的异构嵌入式组态系统研究 姓名：黄伟栋 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：计算机应用技术 指导教师：严义 20091201 杭州电子科技大学硕士学位论文 I 摘 要 随着计算机控制技术的快速发展和嵌入式技术在工业控制领域的广泛应用，国内外控制 系统厂商纷纷推出自己的嵌入式组态产品。每一种新型的控制系统的诞生通常总是伴随着一 种上位策略组态软件的设计实现。系统控制策略组态软件是控制系统中的上位软件部分，在 整个系统中占有着极其重要的地位。目前国内外控制系统策略组态软件还存在着诸多的问题 和缺陷。1）传统的组态软件存在扩展性不强和开发周期长等缺点；2）目前嵌入式
2、系统的发 展速度极为迅猛，但相应的软件尤其是组态软件滞后较严重；3）工控市场需要一种 DCS 与 PLC 无缝结合的混合控制系统，这种系统既能实现逻辑控制，又能完成过程控制。因此，开 发基于构件技术的异构嵌入式组态系统，在国内走出一条自主研发、自主创新的道路的同时 为今后国内同行业的组态软件的开发提供切实的指导、为今后进一步的完全适合于国人的组 态软件开发指明方向，从理论和实践角度讲，都有着非常现实和积极的意义。 本文以面向基于构件技术的异构嵌入式组态系统的设计开发的全过程为基础，在对国内 外嵌入式组态系统的现状和存在的问题进行分析比较的基础上，详尽阐述了在本系统中对问 题的解决和方案的改进的
3、具体的思路、原理和设计、实现的方法，重点介绍了系统中的特色 和创新所在。本文的主要工作总结如下： （1）在对当前国内外软件构件技术的研究、嵌入式控制系统策略组态软件的现状和存在 的问题以及 PLC 与 DCS 集成技术进行分析比较的基础上，进一步引证了课题的重要意义。 （2）本系统借助了构件的开发方式思想，提出通用组态构件模型，实现了通用组态算法 构件的自动生成系统；基于经验模型对组态的参数进行排序，部分参数进行隐藏，达到提高 组态开发效率的目的。 （3）根据现有组态 FBD 系统的优缺点，设计并实现了嵌入式组态 FBD 系统。在 FBD 编辑器中采用自动布线与手动布线结合的方式；在 FBD
4、编译器中提出一种“基于中间码的硬 件抽象层”概念并对其进行了设计实现；采用栈作为 FBD 图形元素的数据存储结构；提出自 底向上方式进行功能块的定序；采用控制算法自动生成技术，实现图形界面到底层代码的自 动生成。 （4）设计实现了基于梯形图内嵌入组态算法技术的异构嵌入式组态系统。提出“梯形图 内嵌入组态算法”概念并对其进行了设计实现；详细介绍了支撑“梯形图内嵌入组态算法” 的微内核的设计实现，其中包括实时调度器、进程通信、内存管理等模块。 （5）在上述三个方面的讨论下，本文给出了系统的总体设计与实现，并用实验充分证明 了该系统运行稳定，性能优良，具有很好的产业化前景。 关键词：构件，异构，嵌入
5、式组态系统，F B D ，PLC, D C S ，微内核 杭州电子科技大学硕士学位论文 II ABSTRACT With the fast development of computer control technology and the wide application of embedded technology, manufactures home and abroad come up with their own products. A new upper- level control strategy configuration is always come with a new
6、control system. System control strategy configuration software which is running in upper- level computer plays an important role in the whole system. There are many problems and defects in configuration software developed home and abroad at present. 1) the scalability of the traditional configuratio
7、n software is not strong, and it also costs a lot of time to develop.2) Embedded system is developing rapidly, but the corresponding software lags behind more serious in particular the configuration software.3) Industrial market needs a mixed control system of DCS and PLC seamless integration which
8、can achieve logic control and process control. Therefore, development of control strategy configuration software for embedded control system which based on component technology can provide concrete guide for the further development of configuration software in the line and play a leading role in sel
9、f- research and self- development in our country. So it is very meaningful practically and theoretically. The dissertation is based on the whole design and development procedure. Based on the analysis and comparison of the status and problems of the embedded configuration system developed home and a
10、broad, the train of thought, theorem and methods are used in design and implementation for the problem- solving and improvement for scheme of the system. The feature and creation in the system is introduced emphatically. The major works of this paper are summarized as follows: (1)The great significa
11、nce of the subject is further demonstrated after the research of software component technology, the current status and problems existing in strategy configuration software for embedded control system home and abroad, research and development of PLC and DCS integration technology are analyzed and com
12、pared. (2)A common configuration component model is advanced to achieve the automatic generation system of common configuration algorithm components based on the development of the component idea .To enhance the efficiency of configuration development, configuration parameters are sorted and hided b
13、ased on the empirical model. (3)The embedded configuration FBD system is designed and implemented according to the advantages and disadvantages of configuration FBD system at present. Automatic routing and manual routing are integrated in the FBD editor. The concept of hardware abstraction layer bas
14、ed 杭州电子科技大学硕士学位论文 III on intermediate code is advanced and the scheme based on the concept is designed and implemented in FBD compiler. Stack data structure is stored FBD graphic element. A bottom- up approach is proposed to order the sequence of function blocks. Auto- generation control algorithm t
15、echnology is advanced to translate the graphical interface to the underlying code automatically. (4)The heterogeneous embedded configuration system is designed and completed based on the ladder embedded configuration algorithms technology. The concept of the ladder embedded configuration algorithms
16、is advanced and the scheme based on the concept is designed and implemented. The details of the micro- kernel real- time scheduler, process communication and memory management modules are described in this paper. (5) According to the above, this paper presents the systems overall design and implementation, and the experience shows that the software runs well, functions properly and has promising utilization prospect. Keywords:
