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1、河南大学 硕士学位论文 高中生父母教养方式、自我和谐、社交焦虑的关系 姓名：徐敏 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：心理健康教育 指导教师：宫火良；杨义南 2011-03 摘 要 高中阶段是个体成长过程中非常重要而又充满变化的关键时期。 高中生身心发展处 于不平衡状态，容易出现社交焦虑等心理问题。社交焦虑是指个体在社交情境下或者在 公开场合中，担心被人关注或评价、害怕自己会出丑或举止窘迫；自我评估为负性。具 有社交焦虑的个体在社交中，体验到的是紧张与不适，因而常有回避行为。 在孩子成长过程中，父母教养方式尤为重要。父母对子女的教养方式，主要是指父 母对子女的教育抚养态度和行为中相对稳定的风格。 它与心
2、理的各个方面都有很密切的 关系，直接影响孩子身心的健康成长。另外，父母教养方式还直接影响评定个体心理健 康的另外一个重要指标自我和谐。自我和谐，指个体与他人、环境、经验等形态上 保持一致性，反映自我与经验之间的和谐统一，表现为自我认知、自我体验和自我控制 的统一。高自我和谐者能够顺利与他人交往，具有良好的社会适应性。 本研究着眼于高中生这一特殊群体，从自我和谐角度出发，探讨父母教养方式对社 交焦虑的影响机制并对高中生自我和谐的人口学特征进行初步考察。据此，本研究以父 母教养方式量表、 自我和谐量表、 青少年社交焦虑量表为测量工具， 随机选取河南省662 名在校高中生为被试， 采用相关分析、 回
3、归分析等统计方式考察了高中生父母教养方式、 自我和谐与社交焦虑三者之间的关系，并采用独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析等统计 方法对高中生自我和谐及各维度的人口统计学特征进行了分析，得出以下结论： （1）高中生父母教养方式、自我和谐与社交焦虑三者之间两两呈显著相关。具体 表现为：自我和谐总分及各维度与社交焦虑呈显著正相关；自我和谐总分与父母情感温 暖因子呈显著负相关，与父母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认因子，父亲过度保护，母亲过分干涉 过度保护因子呈显著正相关；社交焦虑总分与父母情感温暖因子呈显著负相关，与父亲 惩罚严厉，父亲过度保护，父母拒绝否认因子，呈显著正相关。自我和谐在父母教养方 式和社交焦虑间起中介
4、作用，父母教养方式除了直接影响社交焦虑外，还通过影响自我 和谐进而影响社交焦虑。 （2）高中生的自我和谐水平在性别、家庭结构方面差异较小，在是否为独生子女、 不同年级和家庭所在地、父母文化程度等方面差异显著。具体表现为：农村学生在自我 和谐总分和自我与经验的不和谐两个维度上的得分均比城镇学生得分要高， 且差异极为 显著； 非独生子女在自我和谐总分和自我与经验不和谐两个维度比独生子女学生得分要 I 高； 各年级比较， 自我和谐总分及灵活性维度高一学生显著高于高二； 在灵活性维度上， 高三高于高二，其余无显著相关。父母的文化程度越高其学生的自我和谐总分与灵活性 维度越显著。不同父母亲影响上，受父亲
5、影响大的学生自我和谐总分及自我与经验不和 谐维度要高于受母亲影响的学生。 关键词：关键词：高中生，父母教养方式，自我和谐，社交焦虑 II ABSTRACT Life in the high school is very important, and full of uncertainties. At that moment, both the physical and psychological are in unbalanced condition. So it is very possible to arouse many psychological problems, such as s
6、ocial anxiety. The social anxiety refers to that: under the condition of social communication or in the public, some people are worried about being concentric or being evaluated, and they are afraid of behavior embarrassment or being mocked by others; their self- evaluation is below average. People
7、with social anxiety experience tense and uncomfortable, so they always intend to avoid social connection. In the process of growing up, the parental rearing styles are very important. Parents rearing mainly attached to the educating attitude and stable education activity style. This has very close r
8、elationship with all the aspects of psychology, which will have a direct impact on peoples mental and physical healthy growing. Plus, parental rearing styles also have direct effect on other index- self-consistency. Self consistency and congruence refers to the unanimousity with the people, circumst
9、ance and congruence experiences, which reflects the harmony and unity between the experiences and themselves. The expression of the self consistency and congruence is the unification of self-cognition，experiences and control. The high level self consistency and congruence can guarantee the interpers
10、onal communication and society-adaptation. This research focuses on the high school students. From the self consistency and congruence view, it discusses how the different parental rearing styles affect the social anxiety, and also explores the demographic characters of self-consistency in high scho
11、ol. Based on that, this research adopts three scales, such as parents cultivation, self consistency and congruence and teenagers social anxiety. Select 662 high school students at random in Henan province; explore the relationship of parental rearing styles, self consistency and congruence and socia
12、l anxiety using statistical methods, such as correlation analysis, regression analysis and so on. Then we analyze the variety scales of demographical characters, adopting independent specimen T-test and one-way ANOVA. So we get the following conclusion: For the high school students, the parental rea
13、ring styles, self consistency and congruence and social anxiety relevant to each other. The specific performances are: the over-all self consistency and congruence III remarkably positive correlate to the social anxiety; self consistency and congruence negatively correlate to the parents warmth, whi
14、le positively correlate to the fathers over-protected and mother over-intervened; social anxiety negatively correlate to the parents warmth, and positively to the fathers stern punishment and parents refusing denial. Self consistency and congruence took as a medium between the parental rearing style
15、s and social anxiety. And besides the parental rearing styles influencing the social anxiety, it also affects self consistency and congruence. There are little differences between gender, family structure of self consistency and congruence in high school, and the big differences in the one-child, gr
16、ades, home location, and the education degree of parents. the specific reflections are：the scores of students in country are much higher than those in city in self consistency and congruence scale and inconsistency scale between self and experiences, and the differences are remarkable; non-one childs scores are higher than the one child; compared with different grades, grade one are better than grade 2 in self consistency and congruence scale and flexible scale; In flexible scal
