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1、 中国农村社会可持续发展理论探究Exploration on the Theory of the Sustainable Development of Chinese Rural Society李广顺(LITTON)Li Guangshun (LITTON)（中国西安西北大学 ）(Northwestern University, Xian, China)摘 要本文基于近年来中国学界对全社会可持续发展研究的理论进展和作者对基层农村经济现状的分析结果，提出农村社会可持续发展研究的概念，进而提出农村社会可持续发展及农业规模化、农村工业化、农村城镇化、农民技能化和大社会人类发展有机结合的战略选择。并初
2、步讨论了其内涵和基础性的研究方法。Abstract: Based on the theoretical progress of Chinese academic communitys study on the sustainable development of the whole society and the authors analysis result of the rural economic development, the paper brings forth the conception of the study on the sustainable development o
3、f the rural society, and further puts forward the strategic selection of organically combining the rural societys sustainable development with agricultural expansion, rural industrialization, rural urbanization, technical training of farmers, and human development. The paper also preliminarily discu
4、sses about the content and fundamental research methodology of the study on the sustainable development. 关键词中国；农村社会；可持续发展；研究Keywords: China, rural society, sustainable development, study18作为一种人类对自己未来前途的思想认识和逐步得到认可的发展模式，可持续发展(sustainable development)的理论研究近年来在国内外得到了比较迅速的发展。不同国家、不同学科的学者对可持续发展的理论内涵，围绕着人
5、口、资源、环境和发展的互动问题，特别是围绕着人与自然的关系基本主题，展开了多学科、多层面的研究，取得了丰富的认识成果和实践结果。在国内外可持续发展研究领域已有成果的基础上，本文结合中国的生态环境和社会状况，提出农村社会可持续发展研究的概念，并对此予以探讨。As a kind of the ideological thinking on the future of human being and the gradually accepted development mode, the theoretical study on the sustainable development has see
6、n the rapid development at home abroad in recent years. Scholars from different countries and subjects make trans-subject and multi-level studies on the theoretical content of the sustainable development from the aspects of the interaction among population, resource, environment, and development, es
7、pecially the relationship between human being and the nature, and accomplish broad theoretical and practical achievements. On the basis of the existing results in the sector at home and abroad, the paper suggests the conception of the study on the sustainable development of the rural society in term
8、s of Chinas ecological environment and social status, and further makes discussions on the conception. 可持续发展一般理论与农村社会 General theory of the sustainable development and the rural society可持续发展理论研究是人类对于自己生存环境现状和生存方式反思的结果。在过去十几年间，可持续发展理论的建立与完善基本上是在三个方向或领域中进行的：可持续发展理论研究的经济学方向，它的特点是力图把“减率”作为衡量可持续发展的重要指标和基
9、本手段，把研究区域开发、经济结构优化、实物供需平衡作为基本内容；可持续发展理论研究的社会学方向，它力图把“经济效率与社会公正取得合理的平衡”作为研究的重要指标和基本手段，主要研究包括社会发展、社会分配、利益均衡这样一些基本内容；可持续发展理论研究的生态学方向，它的基本点集中在“环境保护与经济发展之间的合理平衡” 上，以生态平衡、自然保护、资源环境的永序利用作为研究的主要内容(中国科学院可持续发展研究组：1 999)。此外，牛文元等为代表的中国学者，提出了可持续发展研究的第四个方向系统学方向强调将“发展度、协调度和持续度三者的逻辑自洽”作为中心，建立人与自然、人与人关系统一解释的基础和评判规则，
10、探求可持续发展的本源和演化规律，它具有鲜明的中国特色。这些理论成果的取得，反映了人类对探求可持续发展问题的思想的深化和阶段性的系统化，同时既反映了在国际范围和国家范围内实行可持续发展战略的实践的结果，也提供了实行这种战略的宏观认识根据和宏观操作方法。The theoretical study on the sustainable development is the result of human beings reflection on its living environment and living way. In the past dozen years, the theory of
11、the sustainable development has been established and improved in three directions or sectors: the economic direction of the theoretical study on the sustainable development: the study tries to regard “decrement rate” as the important index of and basic means for measuring the sustainable development
12、, and regard regional development, optimization of economic structure, and balance of the supply and development as the basic contents; the sociological direction of the theoretical study on the sustainable development: the study tries to regard the “reasonable balance between economic efficiency an
13、d social fairness” as the important index and basic means, and mainly focuses on some basic contents like social development, social distribution, and interest equilibrium; the ecological direction of the theoretical study on the sustainable development: the study places the emphasis on the “reasona
14、ble balance between environmental protection and economic development”, and takes ecological balance, natural protection, and perpetual utilization of resource environment as the major contents (The Sustainable Development Study Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: 1999). In addition, Chinese s
15、cholars such as Niu Wenyuan, posits the fourth direction of the study: the systematical direction, which aims to establish the foundation and judgment rules for the uniform interpretation of the relationship between human being and nature, human being and human being with the “logical harmony among
16、development, coordination, and sustainability” as the center, and explores the origin and evolvement law of the sustainable development. The fourth direction is endowed with the unique Chinese characteristics. The theoretical achievements reveal human beings in-depth and systematic study on the ideological thinking of the sustainable development, and also the practice of implementing the strategy of the sustainable development at ho
