《对奥巴马总统就职演说的批评性话语分析》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《对奥巴马总统就职演说的批评性话语分析（92页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、沈阳师范大学 硕士学位论文 对奥巴马总统就职演说的批评性话语分析 姓名：徐媛媛 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：外国语言学及应用语言学 指导教师：任承科 20100501 v 摘摘 要要 批评性话语分析，也称批评语言学，旨在探究语言，意识形态以及权力的关 系。批评性语言学家认为话语不仅是对现实世界的客观反映， 同时也是一种社 会实践。 我们进行批评性话语分析是要发现和分析语篇中的人们习以为常的意识 形态，用以揭示语篇生产者如何通过语言的选择传播他们的意志和观点，看国家 权力是如何利用语言来帮助达到目的的。 批评性话语分析的方法论主要建立在系统功能语言学的基础上， 采用费尔克 劳夫的三维分析模式来进行
2、分析。这一分析模式包括三个步骤：描述，阐释和说 明。在第一步骤描述中，主要以韩礼德的系统功能语法为工具。从概念功能、人 际功能、和语篇功能三个方面对演讲的语言特征进行描述。在阐释步骤中包含三 个问题：语篇的内容是什么；语篇的参与者是谁以及他们之间的关系；语言在语 篇生成过程中起到了什么作用。 最后一部分主要是联系社会语境来说明语篇与社 会因素的关系。 本文对奥巴马就职演讲语篇的分析旨在揭示隐藏在语言背后的意识形态意 义。语篇中的语言的特征如词汇的使用、及物性、转换、语气、情态、人称代词、 主位结构的选择都取决于语言的功能和语篇生产者的意识形态。 奥巴马总统作为 统治阶级权力的代表，旨在通过演讲
3、获取民心，期望民众相信他所发表的言论都 是事实，并且一再唤起美国民众重建美国的信心。 政治家发表演讲时使用的语言往往取决于特定的时间和社会背景下的政治 目的。奥巴马就任于美国复杂的国内外局势下，在竭力拉近与民众的距离，塑造 平民总统形象的同时，努力唤起广大民众重建美国的信心，意识形态在语篇中得 vi 到充分体现，反过来这些语言又加强了意识形态的形成，这正体现了语言与意识 形态的辩证关系。批评话语性分析描述语言的特征，阐释语篇产生的过程，最终 还是为了说明语篇与其产生的社会因素之间的关系， 这样有利于我们更加深刻的 理解语言的使用。 关于奥巴马就职演讲的分析为我们提供了一个不同的语言分析视角也证
4、明 了费尔克劳夫的三维分析模式和韩礼德的系统功能语法在批评性话语分析中的 可行性。此外，批评性话语分析还有利于提高人们的批评性意识及批评性阅读能 力。 关键词关键词：就职演说，批评性话语分析，意识形态，系统功能语法 ii Abstract Critical Discourse Analysis is also called critical linguistics. Their aim is to explore the relationships among language, ideology and power. Critical discourse analysis is used t
5、o analyze ideology behind discourses which is usually taken for granted by listeners or readers. This thesis conducts a critical analysis of American President Obamas inaugural address in order to explore the way that the language producer use language to convey his or her ideology to others and the
6、 way the power is exercised. CDA takes systemic-functional linguistics as the major methodological resource. Halliday holds the opinion that the nature of language has a close relationship with its social function. He also believed that the need of the society and the purposes of the language user d
7、etermine the grammatical features. Thus, Hallidays Functional Grammar is not only methodological resource of CDA, but also its analytical tool. The thesis is expanded on the basis of Faircloughs three-dimensional model of CDA: description, interpretation and explanation. In the first stage, the auth
8、or describes the formal features by applying Hallidays Functional Grammar. The second stage is to interpret how these linguistic features are produced and presented. Three questions are involved in this stage: Whats going on? Whos involved and in what relations and what is the role of language in wh
9、ats going on. The third phase focuses on the social context and the relations of social power of the discourse. The purpose of this analysis of Barack Obamas inaugural speech is to explore iii the ideological meaning behind language. The formal features such as the use of vocabulary, transitivity, t
10、ransformation, the modes of sentences, the modality, the pronouns and the choice of different thematic structures are all determined by the functions of language and the language producers ideologies socially. The president Obama, the authority representative who is dominating the public aims to gai
11、n the audiences support and let them believe all he said is in accordance to rebuild America. The language use of the politicians is determined by the political purposes at certain time in certain social context. Barack Obama took office in complex international and domestic situation. He makes grea
12、t effort to shorten the distance with public and to create his own common people image. Meanwhile, president Obama tries to arouse publics confidence to rebuild America. The ideologies such as authority, solidarity are reflected in the discourse and in turn the discourse has helped to reinforce thes
13、e ideologies. This shows the dialectical relationships between language and ideology. Critical Discourse Analysis describes formal features of text and interprets the production process of it. The final purpose is to illustrate the relationship between discourse and social factors, which can make us
14、 understand the use of language deeply. The present study intends to provide a different perspective of discourse analysis. From the analysis we can get some pedagogical implications, providing a different perspective of analyzing language and helping people to cultivate a critical awareness in lang
15、uage. iv Key Words: inaugural speech, CDA, ideology, systemic-functional grammar 学位论文独创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的硕士学位论文，是本人在指导教师的指导下， 独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不 包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出 重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确的方式标明。本人完全意识到本 声明的法律结果由本人承担。 作者签名： 日期： 学位论文使用授权声明 本人授权沈阳师范大学研究生处，将本人硕士学位论文的全部或部分内 容编入有关数据库
16、进行检索；有权保留学位论文并向国家主管部门或其指定 机构送交论文的电子版和纸质版，允许论文被查阅和借阅；有权可以采用影 印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。保密的学位论文在解密后 适用本规定。 作者签名： 日期： i Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Ren Chengke, who has consistently offered me academic counsel, guidance and encouragement. He has been continuously patient with my thesis and provided me with valuable suggestions through the thesis writing process. Without his unreserved support
