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1、Lecture Three: English Renaissance - Edmond Spenser and Francis Bacon,Edmund Spencer(1552-1599),Life Achievements in literature Masterpiece Qualities of Spensers poetry,Life,Born in London in 1552 to a merchant family. Educated in Cambridge, getting M. A. in 1576. Secretary to Lord Grey of Wilton, t
2、he Queens deputy in Ireland in 1580. Giving an immense estate with the castle of Kilcolm in Ireland in 1586. Married in 1594. Force to abandon Kilcolman Castle by a fierce Irish rebellion in 1598. Death “for want of bread” in Jan. 1599, buried in the “Poets Corner”.,Literature achievements,The Sheph
3、erds Calendar 1579 The Fairy Queen 1580-1599 Epithalamion 1594 (one of the most beautiful wedding hymns),The Fairy Queen,Principal intention: （原始构思） to present through a “historical poem” the example of a perfect gentleman, “to fashion a gentleman or noble person in virtuous and gentle discipline.”
4、planning 12virtues of the private gentleman, and 12 books, each one with a different hero distinguished for one of the private virtues.,The hero of heroes, who possesses all of the virtues, is Arthur, to play a role in each of the 12 major adventures, thus the recurring appearances of Arthur serve a
5、s a unifying element for the poem as a whole. Another character contributing to the unity of the work is Gloriana, the Fairy Queen, the Queen of Fairyland, which represents both glory and Queen Elizabeth. Only 6 books completed, with the 6 virtues: holiness, temperance, chastity, friendship, justice
6、, courtesy. （神圣，节欲，贞洁，友谊，正义，礼貌。）,Qualities of Spensers poetry,A perfect melody. 完美的音律 A rare sense of beauty. 罕见的美感 A splendid imagination. 壮丽的想象 A lofty moral purity and seriousness. 高尚而纯洁、严肃的道德 A dedicated idealism. 绝对的理想主义 Poets poet Spenserian stanza (see page 38),Francis Bacon(1561-1626),Life A
7、chievements Quotes Essays Reference websites,Bacon Time Line,1561, January 22, born in the family of Sir Nicholas Bacon ( Keeper of Privy Seal to Queen Elizabeth I); won the favor of the Queen, who once termed him “ the Young Lord Keeper”. 1573, went to Cambridge Trinity College. 三一学院 1579, fathers
8、death leaves him penniless so he begins a career in law after graduation; most successful lawyer then in England . 1584, member of the House of Commons for his good judgment and eloquence. 1613, became attorney general 1617, made lord keeper of the seal, the same office his father had held.,1618, (a
9、fter James I came to England )became Lord Chancellor fined forty thousand pounds, sentenced to the Tower of London, prohibited from holding office for the state, and prohibited from sitting on parliament. The sentence was reduced and no fine was paid and only four days were spent in the Tower but he
10、 never again held office or sat for parliament. 1626, March, while driving near Highgate, decided to experiment with the effect of cold on the decay of meat, purchased a fowl and stuffed it with snow. Catching a cold and developing bronchitis, died on April 9.,Bacons achievements,founder of modern s
11、cience in England. * a survey of the accomplishments of science up to his time. * an examination of why it has not achieved more. * a comprehensive collection of the facts of nature to apply the new instrument. famous for his “Essays”; the first English essayist. 1597, 10 essays published. 1605, “Ad
12、vancement of Learning”. 1620, “New Instrument”: induction, the inductive method of reasoning. 归纳法 1625, collection of 58 essays with wide variety of subjects: love, truth, friendship, parents and children, beauty, studies, riches, youth and age, garden, death, etc.,Quotes of Bacon,Men fear death as
13、children fear to go in the dark, and as that natural fear in children is increased with tales, so is the other. Studies serve for delight. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. All colors will agree in the dark.,Children sweeten labors, but they make misfortunes
14、 more bitter. A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds. If a man should be gracious to strangers, he shows that he is a citizen of the world. Stay a bit later, that we may make an end sooner.,OF MARRIAGE AND SINGLE LIFE,He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; for
15、they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief. Certainly the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men, which both in affection and means have married and endowed the public. But the most ordinary cause of a single
16、life is liberty, especially in certain self-pleasing and humorous minds, which are so sensible of every restraint, as they will go near to think their girdles and garters to be bonds and shackles. Unmarried men are best friends, best masters, best servants, but not always best subjects, for they are light to run away, and almost all fugitives are of that condition.,A single life doth well with churchmen, for charity will hardly water the ground where it must first fill a pool. It
