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1、GMAT逻辑总纲 费允杰第一部分：逻辑总纲第一章：做题步骤一 先读问题（通过英文标志词读出题型）。二 再读文章（随题型不同而发生变化）。三 再看选项。1 根据题型特点。2 排除法（通用排除法和无关词排除法）。3 白痴型思维。第二章：五大题型1 归纳2 演绎（假设，加强，削弱，评价）3 解释4 填空5 句子作用第一节：归纳英文标志词：conclusion; inferred; implied; supported; if above true, then it is also true.读文章方式：不要关心文章的推导过程，尽量减少思维，承认文章正确，只抓信息一 公共元素直推法。If A, the
2、n B. ABOnly if A, then B. BAMust by A, in order to B. BAIf only A, then B. ABNot A, unless B. ABA, unless B. A, BA require B. ABA is necessary to B. BAA depend/draw/base on B. AB例1.所有的人都去了。我是人。公共信息：人直接推结论：我去了。例2.To be mentally healthy, people must have self-respect. People can maintain self-respect
3、only by continually earning the respect of others they esteem. They can earn this respect only by treating these others morally.Which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn from the statements above?(A) People who are mentally healthy will be treated morally by others.(B) People who are
4、mentally healthy will have treated morally those they esteem.(C) People who are mentally healthy must have self-respect in other to be treated morally by others.(D) People can expect to be treated morally by others only if they esteem these others.(E) People who have self-respect seldom treat morall
5、y those esteem.例3. Most television viewers estimate how frequently a particular type of accident or crime occurs by how extensively it is discussed on television news shows. Television news shows report more on stories that include dramatic pictures such as fires and motor vehicle accidents than the
6、y do on more common stories that have little visual drama such as bookkeeping fraud. If the statements above are true, it can be properly concluded that which of the following is also true?(A) The time television news reporters spend researching news stories is directly related to the number of view
7、ers who will be affected by events like those in the news stories.(B) It is easier for crimes such as bookkeeping fraud to go unprosecuted than it is crimes such as arson.(C) The number of fires and motor vehicle accidents greatly increases after each television news show that includes dramatic pict
8、ures of a fire or motor vehicle accident.(D) Viewers of television news show tend to overestimate the number of fires and motor vehicle accidents that occur relative to the number of crimes of bookkeeping fraud.(E) The usual selection of news stories for television news show is determined by the num
9、ber of news reporters available for assignment.二 无关词排除法。例1. 马克思说：“这本书只从资产阶级的角度去考虑问题，是不正确的。”问题：从文中能推出马克思认为这本书应从什么角度考虑问题？(A)奴隶主阶级 (B)地主阶级 (C)工人阶级 (D)无产阶级 (E)资产阶级以外的阶级例2. Experienced pilots often have more trouble than novice pilots in learning to fly the newly developed ultralight airplanes. Being acc
10、ustomed to heavier aircraft, experienced pilots, when flying ultralight craft, seem not to respect the wind as much as they should. The passage implies that the heavier aircraft mentioned above are(A) harder to land than ultralight aircraft(B) not as popular with pilots as ultralight aircraft(C) not
11、 as safe as ultralight aircraft(D) more fuel-efficient than ultralight aircraft(E) easier to handle in wind than ultralight aircraft第二节：演绎读文章方式：读懂文章的推导过程。一. 第一种文章（前提结论结构）： 标志词： since A,B; A,therefore B; A,conclude B; A,clear B; A,obviously B; A,indicate/show B if A,then B; by A,in order to B; plan A
12、,to B.1. 假设。英文标志词：assume, assumption, presuppose, additional premise, not true unless, depend on, rely on.桥梁型 。AB例1New Jersey has one of the lowest motor vehicle fatality rates in the country, and it is one of the few states that require extensive annual automobile safety inspections. Therefore, all
13、 states should adopt similar safety inspection procedures.The argument above is based on which of the following assumptions?(A) Most states tend to impose few rules and regulations on the automobile drivers operating within those states.(B) Most states are skeptical that annual automobile safety ins
14、pections can reduce fatality rates.(C) Annual automobile safety inspections contribute significantly to holding down New Jerseys fatality rate.(D) Drivers in New Jersey are more safety conscious than are drivers in other parts of the country.(E) A smaller number of people die on the roads in New Jer
15、sey than in most other states.例2. The federal government expects hospitals to perform 10,000 organ transplants next year. But it is doubtful that this many donor organs will be available, since the number of fatalities resulting from car and motorcycle accidents has been dropping steadily over the past decade.The argument above makes which of the following assumptions?(A) A significant number of the organs used in transplants come from people who die in car and motorcycle accidents.(B) The number of car and motorcycle accidents will i
